Laboratory Quantification of the Relative Contribution of Staghorn Coral Skeletons to the Total Wave-Energy Dissipation Provided by an Artificial Coral Reef

Ghiasian, Mohammad; Carrick, Jane; Bisson, Claire; Haus, Brian K.; Baker, Andrew C.; Lirman, Diego; Rhode-Barbarigos, Landolf

doi:10.3390/jmse9091007

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Several significant attempts have been made to model the effects of waves on surf zone, shoreline, sediment transport and shoreline protections [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Waves and currents change the shoreline characteristics by transporting sediments offshore and consequently, the transported sediments build sand bars along the shore.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boussinesq Modelling of Waves and Currents in the Presence of Submerged Detached/Discontinuous Breakwaters

Barzegar

Ketabdari

Kayhan³

et al. 2020

IJEM

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The effect of beach configurations with the main focus on the detached submerged breakwater on shoreline currents is investigated numerically. The Boussinesq equations are used to model the beach with a constant slope, continuous submerged breakwater, and discontinuous/detached submerged breakwater. Our numerical simulation results show that the transient rip currents are generated near the shoreline at the beach with constant slope while the continuous submerged breakwater structure creates a calm beach area along the shoreline. The presence of the gap in submerged breakwater changes the currents along the shoreline by generating rip currents with two pairs of vortices. One pair of vorticities, located around the gap, damage the breakwater by transmitting sediments along the breakwater foundation and eroding its surface. The second pair, created near the shoreline, erodes the shoreline due to sediment transportation and leads to a dangerous and unsafe situation for swimmers. The rip current creates five main critical areas with the maximum velocity towards the shoreline and offshore. The first set of three areas (numbered 1, 2, 3) has an approximately average velocity of 1-1.25 m/s towards the shoreline. One of these areas (numbered 2) is located close to the shoreline and the other two (numbered 1 and 3) are found to occur near the edge of the detached part of the breakwater. The second set of the two areas (numbered by 4 and 5) has the average velocity that is higher than 2.1 m/s towards the offshore and is located at the beginning part of the rip neck. An approximately linear relationship between the returning velocity and the gap length is observed. As the gap length decreases the location of the areas (numbered 4 and 5) gets closer to the center of the gap. Our simulations indicate that the return velocity towards the offshore increases at the gap center while the gap length decreases. Furthermore, the velocity profiles have a sharp jump for gap length that is approximately smaller than 80 m. Also, the return velocity at the gap center is related to the height of the breakwater. The breakwater that is higher (the breakwater height d = 4.2 m) damps wave energy more than shorter M. Barzegar, M.J. Ketabdari, K. Kayhan, D. Palaniappan: Boussinesq Modelling of Waves and Currents in the Presence of Submerged Detached/Discontinuous Breakwaters 46 ENGINEERING MODELLING 33 (2020) 3-4, 45-61breakwater and the return velocity decreases for this structure. For smaller heights (d = 3.7 and 3.2) damping is nearly the same and the returning flow varies depending on the available space through the gap. Specifically, the return velocity for d = 3.7 is higher than that for d = 3.2. The numerical results presented herein suggest that aggressive rip currents are generated in the case of detached submerged breakwater beach configurations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boussinesq Modelling of Waves and Currents in the Presence of Submerged Detached/Discontinuous Breakwaters

Barzegar

Ketabdari

Kayhan³

et al. 2020

IJEM

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“…Coral restoration has been shown to significantly increase coral cover and structural complexity of reef restoration sites compared to unrestored sites (Hein et al, 2020). Staghorn coral has been shown to significantly enhance the wave-reducing capacity of a reef for coastal protection benefits (Ghiasian et al, 2021). Restoration has also been shown to significantly increase fish abundance and species richness post-outplanting (Opel et al, 2017).…”

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confidence: 99%

Citizen science benefits coral reefs and community members alike

Hesley,

Kaufman,

Lirman

2023

Front. Environ. Sci.

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The field of coral gardening and active restoration has expanded rapidly over the past 2 decades in response to the rapid, global decline of coral reefs. Even with this expansion, the long-term success of coral restoration and ecosystem recovery will still depend on social action to mitigate the local and global stressors plaguing reefs. Rescue a Reef (RAR), a citizen science program, was designed to engage community members and catalyze action through hands-on, experiential opportunities as coral gardeners and restoration practitioners alongside trained scientists. While community-based coral restoration programs can be a powerful platform for education and increase project success, few programs utilize citizen science and even fewer measure and evaluate the long-term impacts of these activities. Here, we describe the benefits of citizen science for coral conservation identified through a mixed methods longitudinal evaluation of RAR after 8 years of citizen science programming. A survey was distributed to all program participants and responses were compared to historical pre-post survey responses of citizen scientists as well as to a control group. We found that despite the passing of time, citizen scientists largely retained their knowledge levels on coral reef-related topics and were significantly more knowledgeable on the topics than a control group. Additionally, RAR successfully developed a strong sense of community, coral stewardship, and program support among its participants. Most importantly, citizen science has the potential to act as a vehicle for positive social change with the majority of participants reporting changes in perceptions (70.5%) and behavior (60.1%) because of their participation in RAR. Thus, the untapped potential of citizen science as a tool for coral reef conservation, restoration, and stewardship must be realized. Furthermore, citizen science projects must embed evaluation in their activities to gather information and evidence on the effectiveness of their activities as well as potential areas for improvement.

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Experimental and numerical assessment of marine flood reduction by coral reefs

Karim

Nandasena

2023

Natural Hazards Research

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Laboratory Quantification of the Relative Contribution of Staghorn Coral Skeletons to the Total Wave-Energy Dissipation Provided by an Artificial Coral Reef

Cited by 6 publications

References 53 publications

Boussinesq Modelling of Waves and Currents in the Presence of Submerged Detached/Discontinuous Breakwaters

Boussinesq Modelling of Waves and Currents in the Presence of Submerged Detached/Discontinuous Breakwaters

Citizen science benefits coral reefs and community members alike

Experimental and numerical assessment of marine flood reduction by coral reefs

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