Laboratory-reared and field-collected predators respond differently to same experimental treatments

Wiggins, Will D.; Bounds, Sarah; Wilder, Shawn M.

doi:10.1007/s00265-017-2437-7

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Crickets were raised on specialized dietary media (Table ) for 1 week to ensure proper nutrient content (following Wiggins, Bounds, & Wilder, 2018). These diet treatments were chosen because they were shown to change prey quality enough to affect the behavior of another spider species (Wiggins et al., 2018). Although the differences that we observed in the macronutrient content of the prey treatments in this study were smaller than those previously reported for these prey treatments (Wiggins et al., 2018).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These diet treatments were chosen because they were shown to change prey quality enough to affect the behavior of another spider species (Wiggins et al., 2018). Although the differences that we observed in the macronutrient content of the prey treatments in this study were smaller than those previously reported for these prey treatments (Wiggins et al., 2018). Spiders were randomly assigned to one of eight treatments: 20°C/high‐lipid prey ( n = 10), 20°C/high‐protein prey ( n = 10), 25°C/high‐lipid prey ( n = 11), 25°C/high‐protein prey ( n = 11), 30°C/high‐lipid prey ( n = 10), 30°C/high‐protein prey ( n = 10) and 35°C/high‐lipid prey ( n = 10), and 35°C/high‐protein prey ( n = 10).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These individuals were sacrificed and dried at 60°C for 72 hr to measure total dry mass, protein, and lipid contents using same approaches used for eaten crickets. Protein content was estimated using the Bradford assay (following Wiggins et al., 2018). Dried samples were crushed and sonicated in 0.1 M NaOH before being centrifuged.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To provide an ad libitum supply of prey, 10–12 crickets were provided to each spider. Crickets were raised on specialized dietary media (Table ) for 1 week to ensure proper nutrient content (following Wiggins, Bounds, & Wilder, 2018). These diet treatments were chosen because they were shown to change prey quality enough to affect the behavior of another spider species (Wiggins et al., 2018).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature dependency of predation: Increased killing rates and prey mass consumption by predators with warming

Walker

Wilder

González

2020

Ecology and Evolution

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Temperature dependency of consumer–resource interactions is fundamentally important for understanding and predicting the responses of food webs to climate change. Previous studies have shown temperature‐driven shifts in herbivore consumption rates and resource preference, but these effects remain poorly understood for predatory arthropods. Here, we investigate how predator killing rates, prey mass consumption, and macronutrient intake respond to increased temperatures using a laboratory and a field reciprocal transplant experiment. Ectothermic predators, wolf spiders (Pardosa sp.), in the lab experiment, were exposed to increased temperatures and different prey macronutrient content (high lipid/low protein and low lipid/high protein) to assess changes in their killing rates and nutritional demands. Additionally, we investigate prey mass and lipid consumption by spiders under contrasting temperatures, along an elevation gradient. We used a field reciprocal transplant experiment between low (420 masl; 26°C) and high (2,100 masl; 15°C) elevations in the Ecuadorian Andes, using wild populations of two common orb‐weaver spider species (Leucauge sp. and Cyclosa sp.) present along the elevation gradient. We found that killing rates of wolf spiders increased with warmer temperatures but were not significantly affected by prey macronutrient content, although spiders consumed significantly more lipids from lipid‐rich prey. The field reciprocal transplant experiment showed no consistent predator responses to changes in temperature along the elevational gradient. Transplanting Cyclosa sp. spiders to low‐ or high‐elevation sites did not affect their prey mass or lipid consumption rate, whereas Leucauge sp. individuals increased prey mass consumption when transplanted from the high to the low warm elevation. Our findings show that increases in temperature intensify predator killing rates, prey consumption, and lipid intake, but the responses to temperature vary between species, which may be a result of species‐specific differences in their hunting behavior and sensitivity to temperature.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Temperature dependency of predation: Increased killing rates and prey mass consumption by predators with warming

Walker

Wilder

González

2020

Ecology and Evolution

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“…An explanation for this inconsistency could be that in , males were collected from the wild whereas in Wilder and Schneider (2017) males were raised in the laboratory, under a less diverse diet. This study should be replicated again using males and females from the field and the lab and assess whether essential amino acids might be in shortage in the field (Wiggins et al 2018). If so, the male body, despite being very small might indeed be a valuable addition for the female diet and this effect might explain selection on females to maximize their chances to consume at least one male.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does sexual cannibalism secure genetic benefits of polyandry in a size-dimorphic spider?

Weiß

Ruch

Zimmer

et al. 2020

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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Females mate multiply despite numerous costs. It is well established that polyandry can result in sexual conflict, favoring male adaptations that prevent sperm competition often to the disadvantage of the female. Such adaptations are extreme in spiders with one-shot genitalia of which parts break off and act as mating plugs, rendering them dysfunctional. In the spider Argiope bruennichi, mating plugs effectively prevent further males from inseminating and males that inseminate and plug both genital openings of a female secure exclusive paternity. However, females frequently prevent monopolization by attacking and cannibalizing males during their first copulation, leaving their second spermatheca free for another male. Here, we test whether the high frequency of sexual cannibalism evolved as a female adaptation to resist monopolization and secure indirect benefits of polyandry. To standardize conditions, we double-mated females either with the same or two different males and prevented male consumption. Using a split-brood design, we raised offspring to maturity under poor and rich food conditions and measured their survival, duration of juvenile phase, and adult body mass. Under low food, daughters of polyandrous mothers matured later but slightly heavier than daughters of monandrous females. Since the adaptive value of this combination is unclear, these findings lend no conclusive support to our hypothesis. We discuss the stereotypic nature of the female attack in the context of antagonistic co-evolution considering previous studies that found modest direct benefits of cannibalism as well as a potential for non-additive benefits. Significance statement Sexual conflict is extreme in spiders where sexual cannibalism impairs male mating rates. Males of the spider Argiope bruennichi possess one-shot genitalia which they break off to plug female genital openings. They gain exclusive paternity with a female if two copulations are achieved and both genital openings plugged. Females, however, stereotypically attack every male at the onset of copulation, limiting most males to single copulation but retaining the option to secure potential benefits of polyandry. Previous studies revealed weak direct and non-additive indirect benefits of multiple mating. In this study, we tested for the presence of additive genetic benefits but again found only inconclusive evidence for adaptive differences in offspring quality between monandrous and polyandrous females. All results combined, we here speculate that the stereotypic female attack might be a ghost of a past antagonistic co-evolution.

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Communal rearing induces high predatory capacity in a solitary wolf spider and its potential in pest control

Peng

Zhang

et al. 2023

Ecology and Evolution

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Behavioral plasticity is of great significance because it allows individuals to reversibly respond to variations in the ecological and social environment to increase their fitness (Bretman et al., 2011).Early exposure to new ornamentations in fruit flies (Verzijden et al., 2015) or butterflies (Westerman et al., 2012) led to shifts in mate preferences in sexually mature older individuals. Many other studies have reported that prior experience influences mate choice

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Laboratory-reared and field-collected predators respond differently to same experimental treatments

Cited by 16 publications

References 33 publications

Temperature dependency of predation: Increased killing rates and prey mass consumption by predators with warming

Temperature dependency of predation: Increased killing rates and prey mass consumption by predators with warming

Does sexual cannibalism secure genetic benefits of polyandry in a size-dimorphic spider?

Communal rearing induces high predatory capacity in a solitary wolf spider and its potential in pest control

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