Laboratory-scale inactivation of African swine fever virus and swine vesicular disease virus in pig slurry

Abstract

C . T UR N ER AN D S. M. W IL LI A MS . 1999. Two methods were evaluated for the inactivation of African swine fever (ASV) and swine vesicular disease (SVD) viruses in pig slurry: chemical treatment and heat treatment. The addition of NaOH or Ca(OH) 2 at different concentration/time combinations at 4°C and 22°C was examined, as was virus stability at different temperature/time combinations. ASF virus (ASFV) was less resistant to both methods than SVD virus (SVDV). In slurry from one source, ASFV was inactivated at 65°C within 1 min, whereas SVDV required at least 2 min at 65°C. However, it was found that thermal inactivation depended on the characteristics of the slurry used. Addition of 1% (w/v) of NaOH or Ca(OH) 2 caused the inactivation of ASFV within 150 s at 4°C; 0·5% (w/v) NaOH or Ca(OH) 2 required 30 min for inactivation. NaOH or Ca(OH) 2 (1% (w/v)) was not effective against SVDV at 22°C after 30 min, and 1·5% (w/v) NaOH or Ca(OH) 2 caused inactivation of SVDV at both 4°C and 22°C. At higher chemical concentrations or temperatures, ASFV and SVDV inactivation was faster in slurry than in buffered medium.

Inactivation of Murine Norovirus 1 and Bacteroides fragilis Phage B40-8 by Mesophilic and Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion of Pig Slurry

“…D values at both temperatures were calculated and are presented in Table 1. It seems that MNV-1 and especially B40-8 were more persistent during thermophilic anaerobic digestion of pig slurry than rotavirus and coxsackievirus in sludge (25) and African swine fever and swine vesicular disease viruses in pig slurry (30). It should be noted that the comparison of the outcomes of the mentioned studies with that of our study is difficult due to different experimental setups and matrices.…”

“…The effect of the pig slurry matrix during anaerobic digestion processes was investigated by studying virus inactivation in different processed pig slurries, i.e., digested pig slurry (DP), pasteurized DP, autoclaved DP, and autoclaved tap water, as the influence of the matrix has also been reported for other microorganisms (1,17,30). The DP (i.e., the effluent from the full-scale biogas plant [Bio-Electric, Beernem, Belgium]), pasteurized DP (70°C for 30 min), and autoclaved DP (121°C for 20 min) were inoculated similarly to the raw pig slurry.…”

Preventive measures aimed at minimizing the risk of African swine fever virus spread in pig farming systems

“…However, there is a set of basic preventive measures applicable also in backyard holdings and if they are properly and strictly implemented they are effective in minimizing the risk of ASFV spread. Such measures include:No swill feeding.Avoid feeding pigs with fresh fodder harvested in areas at risk for ASFV exposure.Buying pigs from trusted and certified sources (ASFV-free commercial holdings).Keeping pigs confined in stables.Restricting the access to pig‘s stable only to people in charge of taking care of the animals.People working in contact with pigs should wear clothes and footwear to be worn and used only when working in the stable and to be left in the stable after use.Workers cannot bring food onto the premise.People working in contact with pigs should wash hands with soap before entering and leaving the premise.Using effective disinfectants to be placed at the entrance of the stable.Proper disposal of dead animals or parts of dead animals to avoid the spread of infected material and also to attract wild animals.No wild boar or part of it, shall be brought onto the premise.In areas at risk for the presence of ASFV in wild boar, where the viral contamination of the environment can be high, effective disinfectants, such as calcium hydrate (slaked lime), should be spread and renewed, around pig‘s stable and at the entrance [51]. …”

“…In areas at risk for the presence of ASFV in wild boar, where the viral contamination of the environment can be high, effective disinfectants, such as calcium hydrate (slaked lime), should be spread and renewed, around pig‘s stable and at the entrance [51]. …”

3.3 Afrikanische Schweinepest

“…Weitere Möglichkeiten des Antikörpernachweises bestehen im indirekten Immunperoxidasetest (IIPT) (Anonymous, 2006, Anonymous, 2003, OIE, 2012, dem Immunblotting (IB) oder der indirekten Immunfluoreszenzfärbung (IIF) (Cubillos et al, 2013 Parker, 1967, OIE, 2013a (OIE, 2013a, Krug et al, 2012, Krug et al, 2011, Turner and Williams, 1999, Coggins, 1966 Ziel war es, die aktuellen Stämme zu charakterisieren The scattered onset of clinical signs and pathogen detection within and among groups confirms moderate contagiosity that is strongly linked with blood contact.…”