Laboratory stabilizations/solidification of tank sludges: MVST/BVEST

Development and application of an auto-normalization program for optimal treatment of numerous metal-containing hazardous sludges

“…Therefore, K was decreased by one (i.e., new K = K − 1) and iterative computations and comparisons were carried out until an optimal group was obtained at K = 14. That means that 14 sludges, including sludge 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8,9,11,12,13,14,18,19, and 20 as shown in Fig. 3, were the first optimal group suitable for mixing.…”

“…Although those methods are available, complete removing metals from sludges is not easily obtained. Thus, solidification/stabilization, a simple and practicable method using the addition of stabilization reagents (e.g., Portland cement, gypsum, polyethylene) to immobilize hazardous constituents, is the most convenient treatment for metal-containing sludges [12][13][14][15].…”

Inertisation of galvanic sludge with calcium oxide, activated carbon, and phosphoric acid

“…The exception is nickel, which dropped below the acceptable limit only at 40 % CaO. Although, lime-based solidifi cation is a method of choice for solidifi cation of municipal solid waste (26)(27)(28), the use of this method for solidifi cation of waste oil, oily wastes, and other waste by-products with high organic content has scarcely been investigated and only a few studies investigated its use in the solidifi cation of inorganic sludges. Silva et al (3) showed high efficiency of a two-phase sludge solidifi cation method that included clay and lime in the fi rst step and Portland cement, sand, and water in the second.…”