Laboratory Studies on the Biology of the Forniosan Subterranean Termite1 with Primary Emphasis on Young Colony Development2

King, E. G.; Spink, William T.

doi:10.1093/aesa/67.6.953

Cited by 45 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…The long time period is partly a function of the longer life cycles of wood-eating insects compared with other insects (27); e.g., Reticulitermes and Coptotermes spp. colonies require 5 to 10 years to mature (i.e., produce imagos) (47, 64). These time periods suggest that N. corniger was introduced into New Guinea at least 100 years ago, during the Dutch colonial period.…”

Section: What Is An Invasive Termite?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology of Invasive Termites: A Worldwide Review

Evans

Forschler²,

Grace

2013

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

259

214

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The number of recognized invasive termite species has increased from 17 in 1969 to 28 today. Fourteen species have been added to the list in the past 44 years; 10 have larger distributions and 4 have no reported change in distribution, and 3 species are no longer considered invasive. Although most research has focused on invasive termites in urban areas, molecular identification methods have answered questions about certain species and found that at least six species have invaded natural forest habitats. All invasive species share three characteristics that together increase the probability of creating viable propagules: they eat wood, nest in food, and easily generate secondary reproductives. These characteristics are most common in two families, the Kalotermitidae and Rhinotermitidae (which make up 21 species on the invasive termite list), particularly in three genera, Cryptotermes, Heterotermes, and Coptotermes (which together make up 16 species). Although it is the largest termite family, the Termitidae (comprising 70% of all termite species) have only two invasive species, because relatively few species have these characteristics. Islands have double the number of invasive species that continents do, with islands in the South Pacific the most invaded geographical region. Most invasive species originate from Southeast Asia. The standard control methods normally used against native pest termites are also employed against invasive termites; only two eradication attempts, in South Africa and New Zealand, appear to have been successful, both against Coptotermes species.

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Section: What Is An Invasive Termite?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology of Invasive Termites: A Worldwide Review

Evans

Forschler²,

Grace

2013

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

259

214

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“…Swarming season for C. formosanus varies according to region (Park et al, 2004). In New Orleans, Louisiana, where this termite species attacks historical buildings and live trees, alates swarm between late April and June with a peak in mid May (King and Spink, 1974). During this time mass swarms tend to be synchronized between many colonies (Jones et al, 1988) but can also occur interspersed with localized small swarms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity and genotypic differentiation between the sexes in swarm aggregations decrease inbreeding in the Formosan subterranean termite

Husseneder

Simms²,

Ring³

2006

Insect. Soc.

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The life of a colony of subterranean termites, such as Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), has natural inbreeding and outbreeding cycles. Reproductives of mature colonies can be replaced by their offspring, which increases the degree of inbreeding in each generation. High degrees of inbreeding may lead to inbreeding depression. In this study we focused on mechanisms for inbreeding avoidance during swarming that do not require kin recognition. We investigated genetic differentiation between swarm aggregations (isolation by distance), genetic diversity within swarm aggregations (multiple colony origin) and genetic differentiation between sexes. Alates were collected from fi ve swarm aggregations in New Orleans, La. The genetic make-up of each swarm aggregation was then described by microsatellite genotyping. Alates from the different swarm aggregations were genetically differentiated; however, no isolation by distance up to at least 1000 m was detected. The dispersal distance of alates was suffi cient to guarantee mixing of an average of 13 colonies within swarm aggregations. On average, eleven percent of all possible pairs of alates in each swarm aggregation were putative full siblings. Genotypic frequencies differed signifi cantly between males and females. This could not be explained by sex-biased dispersal. We hypothesize sex-biased investment at the colony level to account for this difference. Genetic differentiation between the sexes and dispersal distances suffi cient to promote high genetic diversity within swarm aggregations each facilitate inbreeding avoidance. These observations are consistent with the results of previous studies demonstrating that the majority of simple family colonies in Louisiana populations are headed by unrelated and outbred pairs of reproductives.

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“…4). Also, collected C. formosanus worker size demonstrated a highly signiÞcant increase from 3.8 Ϯ 0.1Ð5.1 Ϯ 0.2 mg ([mean Ϯ SE]; t ϭ 5.2, df ϭ 6, P ϭ 0.002), attributed to increased mortality of smaller, earlier instars caused by greater frequency of molting when compared with later, larger instars (King and Spink 1974). No termites could be detected in area III since 2003.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Areawide Field Study on Effect of Three Chitin Synthesis Inhibitor Baits on Populations of Coptotermes formosanus and Reticulitermes flavipes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

2011

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Periodic sampling of 43 independent monitors, initially active with Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, or the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), was conducted to evaluate the effects of cellulose baits containing one of three chitin synthesis inhibitors (CSIs)-diflubenzuron, hexaflumuron, or chlorfluazuron-on termite populations. Diflubenzuron at 0.1% active ingredient (AI, wt:wt) had no noticeable effect on termite populations. Chlorfluazuron (0.25% [AI]) significantly reduced termite populations in approximately 3 yr. Chlorfluazuron used after > 2-yr diflubenzuron treatment significantly reduced termite populations within months. This suggests diflubenzuron exposure increased the termite's sensitivity to chlorfluazuron accelerating population collapse. Hexaflumuron (0.5% [AI]) also reduced termite populations in approximately 2 yr. The process of removing most detectable termite populations from the approximately 160,000-m2 campus of the Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA, with CSIs baits required approximately 3 yr. Adjustments in the specific bait formulations and application procedures might reduce time to suppression. Establishment of new independent termite populations provides a mechanism to minimize the effects of baits. Remedial control measures around and under structures should be considered when implementing an area wide management strategy.

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Laboratory Studies on the Biology of the Forniosan Subterranean Termite1 with Primary Emphasis on Young Colony Development2

Cited by 45 publications

References 0 publications

Biology of Invasive Termites: A Worldwide Review

Biology of Invasive Termites: A Worldwide Review

Genetic diversity and genotypic differentiation between the sexes in swarm aggregations decrease inbreeding in the Formosan subterranean termite

Areawide Field Study on Effect of Three Chitin Synthesis Inhibitor Baits on Populations of Coptotermes formosanus and Reticulitermes flavipes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

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