Laboratory study using paper mill lime mud for agronomic benefit

Recycling of lime mud and fly ash for fabrication of anorthite ceramic at low sintering temperature

“…A proper treatment is required for lime mud. Landfill, as an ordinary method to dispose solid wastes, may cause harm to human, animals, groundwater, and plants [10,11] and lead to a waste of recyclable resources [12][13][14][15]. Hence, landfill is unsuitable for the disposal of lime mud [13,14].…”

Preparation and characterization of ceramsite from lime mud and coal fly ash

“…Due to high alkalinity (pH 9.7-13.5) and the existence of alkali metal ions (e.g. Cr, Mn and Fe) [2][3][4][5][6][7], lime mud is classified as toxic industrial waste. It has been estimated that about 0.5 tons of lime mud can be produced by 1 ton of pulp [8].…”

Lime mud from papermaking process as a potential ameliorant for pollutants at ambient conditions: a review

“…Pulp and paper mills have produced large amounts of pulp annually (He et al, 2009;Nurmesniemi et al, 2007;Zhou et al, 2012). As the second largest producer of paper globally, for instance, China produces approximately 50 million tons of papers per year that accounts for over 50 wt% in terms of the global yield (He and Barr, 2004).…”

“…Large amounts and high alkalinity of LMP make it a challenging globally environmental issue (Ren, 1998). Although landfill is an ordinary method available to manage solid waste (He et al, 2009), it results in land occupation, waste of available resource and environmental pollution (Huber et al, 2014). The issues are presented as follows, a) intake of fine particulate matter by human and animals; b) underlying risk posed by landfill leachates to rivers and groundwater; c) ecotoxicological effects on plants and adverse impact on soils; and d) production of fine dust in dry or windy conditions (Liu et al, 2011).…”