Laboratory test based assessment of WHO alcohol risk drinking levels

Niemelä, Onni; Nivukoski, Ulla; Bloigu, Aini; Bloigu, Risto; Aalto, Mauri; Laatikainen, Tiina

doi:10.1080/00365513.2019.1571625

“…The present findings indicate that each of these components and especially their co-existence increase the risk of metabolic aberrations in the liver. In obese individuals or in smokers, regular alcohol drinking even in relatively modest amounts may increase the risk for abnormal liver enzyme activities [6,15,18,32]. The combined triggers from multiple unfavorable lifestyle factors may also stimulate inflammation and lead to progression of fibrosis [6,12,15,16,33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data on alcohol use from the past 12 months was collected through questionnaires gathering information on the types of beverages, the frequency of consumption, and the amounts of each type of ethanol-containing standard drink (corresponding to 12 g of ethanol) [18]. Information on smoking was gathered with standardized questionnaires and the data was given as the number of cigarettes per day.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Smoking together with alcohol use may also have synergistic effects in increasing the odds of abnormal GGT levels [15,16]. The increases in liver enzymes under such conditions also appear to associate with systemic inflammation, abnormal lipid status and increased risk for both hepatic and extra-hepatic complications, including cardio-and cerebrovascular diseases [14,[17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combined effects of lifestyle risk factors on fatty liver index

Nivukoski

¹

,

Niemelä

²

,

Bloigu

³

et al. 2020

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Background: Factors of lifestyle may have a major impact on liver-related morbidity and mortality. We examined independent and joint effects of lifestyle risk factors on fatty liver index (FLI), a biomarker of hepatic steatosis, in a population-based cross-sectional national health survey. Methods: The study included 12,368 participants (5784 men, 6584 women) aged 25-74 years. Quantitative estimates of alcohol use, smoking, adiposity and physical activity were used to establish a total score of risk factors, with higher scores indicating an unhealthier lifestyle. FLI was calculated based on an algorithm including body mass index, waist circumference, serum gamma-glutamyltransferase and triglycerides. Results: The occurrence of FLI ≥ 60% indicating fatty liver increased from 2.4% in men with zero risk factors to 81.9% in those with a total risk score of 7-8 (p < 0.0005 for linear trend) and in women from 0 to 73.5% (p < 0.0005). The most striking individual impacts on the likelihood for FLI above 60% were observed for physical inactivity (p < 0.0005 for both genders) and alcohol consumption (p < 0.0005 for men). Interestingly, coffee consumption was also found to increase with increasing risk factor scores (p < 0.0005 for linear trend in both genders). Conclusions: The data indicates that unfavorable combinations of lifestyle risk factors lead to a high likelihood of hepatic steatosis. Use of FLI as a diagnostic tool may benefit the assessment of interventions aimed at maintaining a healthy lifestyle and prevention of liver-related morbidity.

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“…Data on alcohol use from the past 12 months was collected through questionnaires gathering information on the types of beverages, the frequency of consumption, and the amounts of each type of ethanol-containing standard drink (corresponding to 12 grams of ethanol) [18]. Information on smoking was gathered with standardized questionnaires and the data was given as the number of cigarettes per day.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Effects of Lifestyle Risk Factors on Fatty Liver Index

Nivukoski

¹

,

Niemelä

²

,

Bloigu

³

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Factors of lifestyle may have a major impact on liver-related morbidity and mortality.We examined independent and joint effects of lifestyle risk factors on fatty liver index (FLI), a biomarker of hepatic steatosis, in a population-based cross-sectional national health survey. Methods:The study included 12,368 participants (5,784 men, 6,584 women) aged 25-74 years.Quantitative estimates of alcohol use, smoking, adiposity and physical activity were used to establish a total score of risk factors, with higher scores indicating an unhealthier lifestyle. FLI was calculated based on an algorithm including body mass index, waist circumference, serum gammaglutamyltransferase and triglycerides. Results:The occurrence of FLI ≥ 60% indicating fatty liver increased from 2.4% in men with zero risk factors to 81.9% in those with a total risk score of 7-8 (p < 0.0005 for linear trend) and in women from 0% to 73.5% (p < 0.0005). The most striking individual impacts on the likelihood for FLI above 60% were observed for physical inactivity (p < 0.0005 for both genders) and alcohol consumption (p < 0.0005 for men). Interestingly, coffee consumption was also found to increase with increasing risk factor scores (p < 0.0005 for linear trend in both genders). Conclusions:The data indicates that unfavorable combinations of lifestyle risk factors lead to a high likelihood of hepatic steatosis. Use of FLI as a diagnostic tool may benefit the assessment of interventions aimed at maintaining a healthy lifestyle and prevention of liver-related morbidity. BackgroundExcessive alcohol use, smoking, and lack of physical activity are typical risk factors of lifestyle, which may contribute to adiposity, fatty deposition in the liver and increased all-cause mortality [1][2][3][4].Furthermore, several risk factors are often present concomitantly in the same individual [5,6]. Recent studies have concluded that simultaneous adherence to multiple healthy lifestyle factors could significantly prolong life expectancy suggesting substantial therapeutic implications for interventions focusing on basic lifestyle factors [1,7,8].In current societies, hepatic steatosis is a highly common manifestation of health problems driven by behavioral factors. Building of too much fat in the liver may lead to a wide variety of clinical

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“…To assess the novel World Health Organization (WHO) risk drinking levels the National FINRISK Study [1] analysed biomarkers of liver status, inflammation and lipid profiles from a population based survey. Serum liver enzymes gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), C-reactive protein (CRP) and lipid profiles were measured.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%