Laboratory Test of Cigarette Butt Waste and Soursop Leaf (Annona muricata L.) Extracts as Biopesticides of Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)

Abstract

Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is one of the new pests from the Lepidoptera class, which causes huge losses for farmers, especially in corn plantations. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cigarette butt waste and soursop leaf (Annona muricata L.) extracts as biopesticides against fall armyworms by observing the mortality and analyzing their LC 50 . Extraction of cigarette butts waste and soursop leaves by ethanol 96% as solvent was carried out using Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) method. As the comparison, the maceration and soxhletation extraction of soursop leaves were conducted and analyzed their chemical content by using LC-MS/MS instrument. The insecticide study used a completely randomized design (CRD) method to treat larvae instar III with cigarette butt waste and soursop leaf extracts with various concentrations in three repetitions. Data analysis was performed using probit analysis. The results showed that soursop leaf extract contained four major acetogenin compounds, namely muricatalicin, annohexocin, robustocin, and epoxymurin, with a total percentage of 31.41% by using MAE method, which is higher than the acetogenin content of the maceration and soxhletation extracts (23.73% and 17.78%, respectively). Both cigarette butt waste and soursop leaf extracts were effective as biopesticides with an LC 50 value of 4.900% and 4.114%, respectively, in 12 hours of observation.

Morphology and life cycle of Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) with soybean leaf (Glycine max[L.] Merr.) in the laboratory

“…In this study, the pupa has an oval shape with a reddish-brown color and becomes darker when entering the imago stage [14]. The pupa measures 13.32 mm and Pupae are 13.32 mm in size and last about 8-14 days [19] [18]. The difference in the duration and length of the pupa can be influenced by environmental factors and feeding factors for larvae that are not their favorite host plants, thus affecting the development of the pupa as well as the previous larvae where the type of feed factor will affect the initial development to the final development in the insect cycle [12].…”

Efektivitas Produk Simplisia Pestisida Nabati Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.)

“…Seringkali, petani lebih memilih untuk mengadopsi solusi pengendalian hama cepat, yaitu pestisida sintetis, untuk melindungi tanaman dari serangan dan kerusakan hama. Namun, penyalahgunaan berulang pestisida sintetis mengakibatkan banyak kemacetan, terutama yang menyebabkan resistensi hama dan masalah kesehatan (Firdausiah, Firdaus, Thamrin, Alfliadhi, & Hidayat, 2022). Penggunaan pestisida sintetik secara sembarangan ini telah menyebabkan konsekuensi yang tidak diinginkan, seperti degradasi lingkungan, kerusakan organisme non-target, residu pestisida yang mencemari makanan dan pakan, kebangkitan hama, variasi genetik dalam tanaman, dan dampak negatif terhadap keanekaragaman hayati.…”