Laboratory Tests for the Assessment of Nutritional Status

Sauberlich, Howerde E.; Dowdy, Richard P.; Skala, J. H.

doi:10.3109/10408367309151557

Cited by 180 publications

(169 citation statements)

References 933 publications

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“…Besides that, divergent opinions exist on the normal range of serum concentrations of these vitamins. Therefore, as deficient concentrations of vitamins, the values were accepted indicating undoubtedly their deficit in the body and suggesting 'specific vitamin malnutrition' (Sauberlich et al, 1974). As it was demonstrated in the analysis performed, in spite of acceptance of this criterion, over half of the 210 patients qualified for the extended examinations had a very significant deficit of certain vitamins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many factors influence serum albumin concentration: liver diseases, hypothyroidism (impaired production), gastrointestinal and renal diseases (increased loss), trauma, stress, infections (change of blood protein distribution in individual compartments of the body), pregnancy (through dilution) and dehydration states (blood concentration). Normal values of serum albumin concentration were accepted after Sauberlich et al (1974) and Gibson (1993) to be within the following range: male, 3.5-5.5 g/dl; female, 3.5-5.2 g/dl. The concentration of 3.5 g/dl was accepted as the lowest tolerable normal value.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The determinations of A, C and E vitamins were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. The values indicating undernutrition were accepted as deficient blood vitamin concentrations (Sauberlich et al, 1974).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutritional status of patients hospitalised in Poland

et al. 2005

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Aim: Screening and extended assessment of the nutritional status of patients on admission and on discharge from hospital were carried out. Description: The studies were carried out in four teaching hospitals, four provincial hospitals and four county hospitals in Poland. Subjects: Screening examinations were carried out for 3310 randomly selected patients (every 10th patient admitted to hospital, including 1916 female cases aged from 16 to 92 y and 1394 male patients aged from 16 to 100 y). Extended examinations were carried out on 210 patients aged from 16 to 87 y (including 122 female and 88 male). Main assessment parameters: Anthropometric (height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), arm circumference) and biochemical indices (erythrocyte count, haemoglobin concentration, white blood cell count, blood lymphocyte count and serum albumin serum concentration). The extended examinations included determination of antioxidant vitamins (A, C, E), vitamin B 12 and folic acid. Results: On admission to hospital, 10.43% of the patients surveyed had a BMI below 20 kg/m 2 , in 20.74% of patients serum albumin concentration was below 3.5 g/dl, indicating possible protein energy malnutrition. In addition, 21.02% had lymphocyte count below 1.5 Â 10 3 /mm 3 . During hospitalisation, deterioration in the nutritional status of the patient population occurred. On discharge from hospital, the percentage of patients with BMIo20 kg/m 2 increased to 11.21% and the percentage with low blood albumin (o3.5 g/dl) increased to 28.57%. On admission, vitamin C deficiency was present in 51.8% of patients, folic acid deficiency in 32%, vitamin E deficiency in 10%, vitamin B 12 deficiency in 6.8% and vitamin A deficiency in 1.4%. Vitamin deficiencies were present equally in malnourished, overweight and obese patients. Conclusions: In patients admitted to hospitals in Poland, malnutrition risk demonstrated by BMI was observed in 10.43% of patients. On the basis of biochemical indices, increased nutritional risk was demonstrated in 21% of patients. Vitamin malnutrition was seen in the majority of patients. A significant correlation between weight, BMI, arm circumference, blood lymphocyte count and the number of days spent in hospital was observed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutritional status of patients hospitalised in Poland

et al. 2005

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“…Unlike free riboflavin, FAD and FMN must be hydrolysed in the intestinal lumen to yield free riboflavin prior to absorption. Animal studies have shown that the uptake of dietary riboflavin from the intestine is increased in riboflavin deficiency (17) and urinary excretion was found to increase linearly with increasing dietary intakes in individuals with optimal status (18) . The transport of flavins in blood is by loose binding to albumin and tight binding to a number of immunoglobulins in serum particularly IgA, IgG and IgM (19) .…”

Section: Riboflavin Absorption and Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Riboflavin status, MTHFR genotype and blood pressure: current evidence and implications for personalised nutrition

et al. 2016

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Clinical deficiency of the B-vitamin riboflavin (vitamin B 2 ) is largely confined to developing countries; however accumulating evidence indicates that suboptimal riboflavin status is a widespread problem across the developed world. Few international data are available on riboflavin status as measured by the functional biomarker, erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient, considered to be the gold standard index. One important role of riboflavin in the form of flavin dinucleotide is as a co-factor for the folate-metabolising enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). Homozygosity for the common C677T polymorphism in MTHFR, affecting over 10 % of the UK and Irish populations and up to 32 % of other populations worldwide, has been associated with an increased risk of CVD, and more recently with hypertension. This review will explore available studies reporting riboflavin status worldwide, the interaction of riboflavin with the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and the potential role of riboflavin in personalised nutrition. Evidence is accumulating for a novel role of riboflavin as an important modulator of blood pressure (BP) specifically in individuals with the MTHFR 677TT genotype, with results from a number of recent randomised controlled trials demonstrating that riboflavin supplementation can significantly reduce systolic BP by 5-13 mmHg in these genetically at risk adults. Studies are however required to investigate the BP-lowering effect of riboflavin in different populations and in response to doses higher than 1·6 mg/d. Furthermore, work focusing on the translation of this research to health professionals and patients is also required.Riboflavin: Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase: MTHFR C677T: Blood pressure:Personalised nutrition Riboflavin (vitamin B 2 ) is a water-soluble B-vitamin defined chemically as 7,8-dimethyl-10-1′-D-ribityl isoalloxazine. It acts as a precursor for FMN and FAD (1) . Clinical riboflavin deficiency is not generally considered to be a problem in the developed world but in recent years evidence has shown that sub-optimal status may be more widespread than generally perceived based on studies reporting the functional biomarker, erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient (EGRac) generally considered as the gold standard index of status. Few international data are however available based on EGRac and reports on riboflavin status are more commonly based solely on dietary intake data. Although riboflavin is required for numerous metabolic reactions its role (in the form of FAD) as a cofactor for the folatemetabolising enzyme, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) has recently received particular attention. Homozygosity (MTHFR 677TT genotype) for a common polymorphism in MTHFR, affecting over 10 % of the UK and Irish populations and up to 32 % of other populations worldwide (2) , has been associated with an increased risk of CVD (3) and more recently with hypertension (4) . Emerging evidence from intervention trials supports a novel role for riboflav...

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“…We defined anaemia as an Hb concentration of ,110 g/l (13) ; ID as a plasma ferritin concentration of ,30 mg/l (13) or a plasma-soluble transferrin receptor (TfR) concentration of .8?5 mg/l (14) ; and IDA as concurrent anaemia and ID. Inflammation was indicated when the C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration was .5 mg/l and/or a-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) concentration was .1 g/l (15) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fermented soyabean and vitamin C-rich fruit: a possibility to circumvent the further decrease of iron status among iron-deficient pregnant women in Indonesia

Wijaya-Erhardt

Muslimatun

Erhardt

2011

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: Increasing the consumption of Fe-rich foods and thus improving Fe bioavailability without significantly increasing diet cost is the most sustainable intervention for improving Fe intake. We assessed the effect of supplementary food consisting of fermented soyabean (tempeh) and vitamin C-rich fruit consumed during pregnancy on maternal iron deficiency (ID). Design: Pregnant women were randomly allocated by village into optimized diet and control groups. Supplementary food was given 6 d/week at home. The average weekly food provided comprised 600 g of tempeh, 30 g of meat, 350 g of guava, 300 g of papaya and 100 g of orange. Hb, ferritin and transferrin receptor (TfR) concentrations were measured at 12-20 and at 32-36 weeks of gestation. Setting: Thirty-nine villages in Indonesia. Subjects: Pregnant women (12-20 weeks of gestation, n 252). Results: At baseline, mean Hb, ferritin and TfR concentrations and body Fe concentration were within the normal range and did not differ between groups. At near term, mean Hb, ferritin and body Fe decreased, whereas mean TfR increased significantly in both groups. The mean changes in Fe status were similar in both groups. In Fe-deficient women, consumption of an optimized diet was associated with smaller decreases in Hb (1?02 (95 % CI 0?98, 1?07) g/l; P 5 0?058), ferritin (1?42 (95 % CI 1?16, 1?75) mg/l; P 5 0?046) and body Fe (2?57 (95 % CI 1?71, 3?43) mg/kg; P 5 0?073) concentrations, compared with a state of no intervention. Fe-deficient women at baseline benefited more from supplementary food compared with Fe-replete women. Conclusions: Daily supplementary food containing tempeh and vitamin C-rich fruits during pregnancy might have positive effects on maternal ID.

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Laboratory Tests for the Assessment of Nutritional Status

Cited by 180 publications

References 933 publications

Nutritional status of patients hospitalised in Poland

Nutritional status of patients hospitalised in Poland

Riboflavin status, MTHFR genotype and blood pressure: current evidence and implications for personalised nutrition

Fermented soyabean and vitamin C-rich fruit: a possibility to circumvent the further decrease of iron status among iron-deficient pregnant women in Indonesia

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