Labour market areas: Uses and definition

Smart, M.W

doi:10.1016/0305-9006(74)90008-7

Cited by 130 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…It is related to net in-commuting. Goodman (1970) and Smart (1974) defined supply-side self-containment, SSSC , and demand-side self-containment, DSSC , as:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Constraints in the Hierarchical Aggregation Procedure Intramax

Drobne

Lakner

2016

Business Systems Research Journal

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Background: Intramax is a hierarchical aggregation procedure for dealing with the multi-level specification problem and with the association issue of data set reduction, but it was used as a functional regionalization procedure many times in the past. Objectives: In this paper, we analyse the simultaneous use of three different constraints in the original Intramax procedure, i.e. the contiguity constraint, the higher-inner-flows constraint, and the lower-variation-of-inner-flows constraint. Methods/Approach: The inclusion of constraints in the Intramax procedure was analysed by a programme code developed in Mathematica 10.3 by the processing time, by intra-regional shares of total flows, by self-containment indexes, by numbers of singleton and isolated regions, by the number of aggregation steps where a combination of constraints was applied, by the number of searching steps until the combination of constraints was satisfied, and by surveying the results geographically. Results: The use of the contiguity constraint is important only at the beginning of the aggregation procedure; the higher-inner-flows constraint gives singleton regions, and the lower-variation constraint forces the biggest employment centre as an isolated region up to a relatively high level of aggregation. Conclusions: The original Intramax procedure (without the inclusion of any constraint) gives the most balanced and operative hierarchical sets of functional regions without any singletons or isolated regions.

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“…It is related to net in-commuting. Goodman (1970) and Smart (1974) defined supply-side self-containment, SSSC , and demand-side self-containment, DSSC , as:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Constraints in the Hierarchical Aggregation Procedure Intramax

Drobne

Lakner

2016

Business Systems Research Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…(for more information, including the schemes, see Klapka et al, 2013a). Functional regions are usually understood to be the areas organised by the horizontal functional relations (flows, interactions) that are maximised within a region and minimised across its boundaries, so that the principles of internal cohesiveness and external separation regarding spatial interactions are met (for example, see Smart, 1974;Karlsson, Olsson, 2006;Farmer, Fotheringham, 2011;Klapka et al, 2013a).…”

Section: Functional Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Goodmanm, 1970;Smart, 1974;Coombes et al, 1979;Ball, 1980). Labour commuting is the most frequent and stable regular movement of the population with a daily periodicity, and the changes in employment patterns remain modest in scale, so the use of these flows remains relevant.…”

Section: Functional Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Functional regions based on the daily travel-to-work flows are referred to as local labour market areas (LLMA) or travel-to-work areas (TTWA). Both concepts are virtually identical (Klapka et al, 2013a) and were introduced into geography during the 1970s and early 1980s (Goodman, 1970;Smart, 1974;Coombes et al, 1979;Ball, 1980;. In the case that the region-organising interactions (i.e.…”

Section: Functional Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A review of these methods of functional regional taxonomy is presented by Casado-Díaz and Coombes (2011). The clustering methods based on numerical taxonomy were used by Brown and Holmes (1971), Smart (1974), Masser and Brown (1975), Scheurwater (1978, 1980), and Baumann et al (1983). They mostly used the general principles of cluster analysis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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