Laccase immobilized onto graphene oxide nanosheets and electrodeposited gold–cetyltrimethylammonium bromide complex to fabricate a novel catechol biosensor

Abstract

In this study, a new biosensor is developed with reliable and easy-to-use biodevice properties for catechol determination in real samples. A method is proposed for the fabrication of biosensors to sense catechol based on the adsorption method of laccase immobilization. Hence, a glassy carbon electrode was modified via graphene oxide nanosheets and then it was modified with a gold-cetyltrimethylammonium bromide nanocomposite to adsorb and immobilize laccase on the electrode surface. The results showed laccase immobilization onto the reformed glassy carbon electrode, and a direct electron transfer reaction between laccase and the electrode. The mechanism of electron transferring was EC. Also, k s and α were calculated as 0.41 s −1 and 0.33, respectively. For this biosensor two linear ranges, 0.1 × 10 −6 to 5 × 10 −6 M and 16.7 × 10 −6 to 166 × 10 −6 M, and a detection limit of 1.5 × 10 −6 M were obtained.

Graphene and Graphene Oxide as a Support for Biomolecules in the Development of Biosensors

“…4,20,21 Graphene possesses an extremely high surface area, high aspect ratio, and superior physical properties and biocompatibility which make it a great material for nanocomposites with high-performance and biological applications. 2,21,22 Distribution of the benzene rings in the graphene structure contributes to the covalent or noncovalent bonds with the other atoms, which generally results in modifications of the electrical or chemical properties of graphene. 3 Oxygen functional groups distort the graphene structure because planar sp 2 converts to sp 3 hybridization.…”

“…1 Graphene (G) (a two-dimensional allotrope of carbon) and its derivatives are promising candidates in designing rapid, accurate, and stable biosensors with high sensitivity and selectivity which provide low detection limits. 2 Graphene is a hexagonal carbon lattice with a thickness of only one atom which has a variety of superior features such as large surface area, high thermal and electrical conductivity, and mechanical strength. The lack of defects in pure graphene causes low chemical reactivity and makes graphene inert in organic solvents.…”

A novel sensitive laccase biosensor using gold nanoparticles and poly L‐arginine to detect catechol in natural water

“…The behavior mechanism of the electron transfer for the proposed biosensor is as follows: catechol is oxidized to the homologous 1,2‐benzoquinone by the oxidized form of Lac, after which the reduced form of Lac releases the electrons to returen to its oxidized form. Then, a cycle (bioelectrocatalytic) is followed, and the produced electrons passed on to the working electrode .…”

Laccases in food processing: Current status, bottlenecks and perspectives

“…There are already several studies describing applications of laccase in biosensors for quantifying phenolic compounds in beverages (Medina-Plaza et al, 2016;Rodríguez-Delgado et al, 2015;Verrastro et al, 2016;Zrinski et al, 2020). More specifically, immobilized laccases have been used for the detection of catechol (Caballero et al, 2018;Mei et al, 2015;Nazari, Kashanian, Maleki, & Shahabadi, 2019), catechin (Aguila et al, 2015), 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (Patel et al, 2018), resorcinol (Lepore & Portaccio, 2017), bisphenol A (Lou et al, 2019), general polyphenols (Cano-Raya, Dencheva, Braz, Malfois, & Denche, 2020Mohtar et al, 2019;Nazari et al, 2019), and drug derivatives (Jabbari et al, 2017).…”