Laccase mediated changes in physical and chemical composition properties of thatch layer in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.)

Sidhu, Sudeep S.; Huang, Qingguo; Carrow, Robert N.; Raymer, Paul L.

doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.04.002

Cited by 10 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Application of laccase resulted in a decrease in TLT for all treatments when compared with the control, and there were no statistical differences among any of the treatments receiving laccase (Fig. In our previous greenhouse studies, a significant decrease in organic matter content was observed with application of laccase (Sidhu et al, , 2013a. This indicates that when laccase is applied biweekly, the rate of application to 0.5 units cm -2 may be adequate.…”

Section: Laccase Ratesmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…So, even if there is slight change in the organic matter content of the thatch layer due to application of laccase, it may be masked by very high organic matter content below the thatch layer. In our previous greenhouse studies, a significant decrease in organic matter content was observed with application of laccase (Sidhu et al, , 2013a. This was because as the thatch layer thickness decreased with application of laccase, the top 2.5 cm core that was used for organic matter content extended to the sand layer below with low organic matter content when using a standard depth of sample.…”

Section: Laccase Ratesmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Direct application of laccase solution to creeping bentgrass was introduced as a novel approach to facilitate the decomposition of organic matter in a greenhouse study with conditions conducive for thatch development . In contrast, a biweekly application of laccase enzyme at 2.06 units cm -2 on the thatch layer of a dead creeping bentgrass for 6 mo verified the effectiveness of laccase in enhancing the rate of organic matter decomposition and the loss in total sugar content of thatch biomass, suggesting that laccase application exposed cellulosic and hemicellulosic sugars to microbial degradation by opening up the biomass structure (Sidhu et al, 2013a). The direct application of laccase enzyme, the active end product of white-rot fungi that acts on lignin, reduced the limitations associated with maintaining microbial activities.…”

Section: Optimizing Laccase Application On Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Relative to the control, laccase treatment with an activity level of 2.06 units cm -2 at a biweekly interval reduced the rate of organic matter and thatch accumulation but a net accumulation of organic matter in the thatch layer was observed overtime, including pots treated with laccase . In contrast, a biweekly application of laccase enzyme at 2.06 units cm -2 on the thatch layer of a dead creeping bentgrass for 6 mo verified the effectiveness of laccase in enhancing the rate of organic matter decomposition and the loss in total sugar content of thatch biomass, suggesting that laccase application exposed cellulosic and hemicellulosic sugars to microbial degradation by opening up the biomass structure (Sidhu et al, 2013a). A significant reduction in thatch layer of ultra-dwarf bermudagrass and zoysiagrass was observed under field conditions with biweekly applications of laccase at 2.1 units cm -2 for 6 mo (Sidhu et al, 2013b).…”

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confidence: 91%

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Optimizing Laccase Application on Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) to Facilitate Biodethatching

et al. 2014

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Organic matter buildup in the form of thatch or mat layers leads to several problems in turfgrass management systems. In a previous greenhouse study, laccase enzyme solution reduced the rate of accumulation of organic matter when applied at an activity level of 2.0 units cm−2 every 2 wk for 9 mo on ‘Crenshaw’ creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.). A 2‐yr field experiment was conducted on creeping bentgrass to optimize the laccase activity level, frequency of application, and to determine potential interactions with core aeration and topdressing cultural practices. Laccase enzyme at five activity levels, 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 units cm−2, was applied every 2 wk. The frequency of laccase application was tested using a laccase activity level of 2.0 units cm−2 applied at frequencies of 2, 4, 8, or 12 wk. The common cultural management practices of core aeration and sand topdressing were compared with and without laccase enzyme at an activity level of 2.0 units cm−2 applied once a month. Results indicated that laccase treatments were effective in reducing thatch layer thickness (TLT) at rates as low as 0.5 units cm−2 applied every 2 wk and as infrequent as once a month when applied at a rate of 2.0 units cm−2. Laccase application at 2.0 units cm−2 once in 4 wk was just as effective at reducing TLT as was core aeration and sand topdressing twice per year. Even greater reductions in TLT were observed when laccase was applied in combination with core aeration and sand topdressing.

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Section: Laccase Ratesmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Laccase Ratesmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Optimizing Laccase Application On Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostmentioning

confidence: 91%

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confidence: 91%

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Optimizing Laccase Application on Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) to Facilitate Biodethatching

et al. 2014

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“…Sidhu et al (2012) demonstrated that bi‐weekly applications of laccase enzyme solution reduced the rate of thatch buildup and organic matter accumulation in a greenhouse study on creeping bentgrass. In another greenhouse study, a bi‐weekly application of laccase solution on thatch of a dead creeping bentgrass for 6 mo verified the effectiveness of laccase in facilitating organic matter decomposition and loss in total structural sugar content of thatch biomass (Sidhu et al, 2013). This suggested that laccase application exposed cellulosic and hemi‐cellulosic sugars for microbial degradation by opening up the biomass structure (Sidhu et al, 2013).…”

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confidence: 84%

Efficacy of Fungal Laccase to Facilitate Biodethatching in Bermudagrass and Zoysiagrass

et al. 2013

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Accumulation of excessive organic matter in form of a thatch and/or mat layer can cause several problems in turfgrass management systems. A previous greenhouse study on creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) demonstrated that direct application of laccase solution every 2 wk reduced the rate of accumulation of organic matter and hence buildup of the thatch layer. A 2-yr field study was conducted on an ultra-dwarf bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. X C. transvaalensis Burtt Davy, 'TifEagle'] research green, and zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud., 'Meyer') maintained as a home lawn to observe the influence of laccase enzyme applications on thatch development. Laccase solution was applied biweekly at the activity levels of 0 (control) and 2.1 units cm -2 . Response to laccase enzyme applications by both the turfgrass species was recorded by measuring thatch layer physical and chemical properties after 6 mo of treatment applications within each year. A significant 18 to 22% and 21 to 30% reduction in thatch layer thickness was observed for bermudagrass and zoysiagrass, respectively. Organic matter content (0-2.5 cm) decreased by 23 to 24% while saturated hydraulic conductivity increased by 19 to 30% for bermudagrass in both years. Acid-soluble and -insoluble lignin was reduced in both turfgrass species after laccase treatments. Results indicate that bi-weekly application of laccase on bermudagrass and zoysiagrass has positive impact on thatch management.

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A review of a novel enzyme system for the management of thatch and soil water repellency in turfgrass

Sidhu

Huang

Carrow

et al. 2022

Intl Turfgrass Soc Res J

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Managing soil organic matter is a crucial component of greenkeeping and turfgrass maintenance. Organic matter accumulation as thatch is a major problem in modern turfgrass management. Additionally, soil water repellency (SWR) caused by hydrophobic organic coatings on sand particles can create serious soil water infiltration and potential runoff problems and contribute to a reduction in turf quality and playability. Lignin is a major component of thatch and acts as protective matrix limiting microbial degradation of cellulose and hemi-celluloses. This article reviews lignin structure and its unique oxidation mechanism that makes it suitable for use in turfgrass systems and the research progress to develop laccase as a tool to manage thatch layer and SWR. A series of experiments explored the potential for direct application of fungal produced enzymes to degrade lignin, speed thatch degradation, and thereby reduce thatch accumulation. Greenhouse studies provided proof of concept and confirmed laccase impact on physical and chemical properties of thatch. Field studies verified the effectiveness of laccase application on different turfgrass species and optimized application rates and frequency. The reduction in thatch layer thickness by laccase treatments was similar to reductions achieved by cultural management and greater reductions occurred when applied in combination with cultural management.The use of laccase and other enzymes to ameliorate SWR was verified by a series of laboratory and field studies. Single applications of laccase were effective in reducing SWR but not as effective as wetting agents. Enzyme applications combined with a wetting agent to provide maximum relief of SWR. Application of laccase in combination with core-aeration and sand topdressing could reduce the number of mechanical cultivations necessary to keep thatch layers at desired levels and reduce the potential for SWR. Laccase could provide a nondisruptive organic approach to manage thatch and SWR on highly managed turfgrass.

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Laccase mediated changes in physical and chemical composition properties of thatch layer in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.)

Cited by 10 publications

References 61 publications

Optimizing Laccase Application on Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) to Facilitate Biodethatching

Optimizing Laccase Application on Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) to Facilitate Biodethatching

Efficacy of Fungal Laccase to Facilitate Biodethatching in Bermudagrass and Zoysiagrass

A review of a novel enzyme system for the management of thatch and soil water repellency in turfgrass

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