Lack of Correlation of In Vitro Antibiosis with Antagonism of Ice Nucleation Active Bacteria on Leaf Surfaces by Non-Ice Nucleation Active Bacteria

Lindow, S. E.

doi:10.1094/phyto-78-444

Cited by 57 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…This assay had been used as a basic procedure in numerous screens for antagonistic agents (Ahmed Idris et al, 2007;Tjamos, 2004;Weller, 1985;Hagedorn et al, 1989;Ahmadzadeh and Sharifi-Tehrani, 2009). However, in some works there was no clear correlation between the results of this assay and in situ biological control results (Expert and Digat, 1995;Lindow, 1988;Reddy et al, 1993). There are several possible explanations for such a lack of correlation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Antagonistic Potential of Fluorescent Pseudomonads and Control of Crown and Root Rot of Cucumber Caused by Phythophtora drechsleri

Shirzad¹,

Fallahzadeh-Mamaghani²,

Pazhouhandeh³

2012

The Plant Pathology Journal

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Antagonistic Potential of Fluorescent Pseudomonads and Control of Crown and Root Rot of Cucumber Caused by Phythophtora drechsleri

Shirzad¹,

Fallahzadeh-Mamaghani²,

Pazhouhandeh³

2012

The Plant Pathology Journal

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“…Attempts to mimic the growth conditions encountered in plants by growth in minimal medium or in a leaf diffusate medium (27) did not alter levels of expression of the lemA gene product (19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The lemA gene required for pathogenicity of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae on bean is a member of a family of two-component regulators

1992

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The lemA gene of the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae is required for disease lesion formation on bean plants. Cosmid clones that complemented a lemA mutant in trans were isolated previously. The lemA gene was localized by subcloning and transposon mutagenesis. The lemA region and flanking DNA were sequenced, and an open reading frame of 2.7 kb was identified. The nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of the kmA gene showed sequence similarity to a family of prokaryotic two-component regulatory proteins. Unlike most of the previously described two-component systems, the lemA gene product contained homology to both components in one protein. Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae isolate B728a is a causal agent of bacterial brown spot of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). To identify bacterial genes necessary for disease development, prototrophic Tn5 mutants of isolate B728a were screened on bean pods for loss of the typical pathogenic response. One mutant, NPS3136, has lost the ability to form brown spot lesions on bean leaves and pods (55). This lemA (lesion manifestation) mutant retains the ability to grow on and colonize bean plants and to elicit a hypersensitive reaction on nonhosts (55). The phenotype of a lemA mutant is significantly different from the phenotype of another class of nonpathogenic mutants, the hrp mutants, which are affected both in their colonization of and pathogenic interaction with host plants and in their ability to elicit a hypersensitive reaction on nonhost plants (for a review, see reference 56). Further characterization of the lemA mutant revealed that it was also deficient in the ability to produce protease and the toxin syringomycin (19,20). This pleiotropic phenotype suggested that the lemA gene might encode a regulatory molecule. In this report, we describe further characterization of the lemA gene of P. syringae pv. syringae by subcloning, transposon mutagenesis, and DNA sequence analysis. We present evidence that the lemA gene has similarity to the conserved domains within both the HPK and the RR proteins in a family of prokaryotic two-component regulatory proteins. MATERIALS AND METHODSBacterial strains, plasmids, and growth conditions. The bacterial strains and plasmids used in this work are listed in

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“…Preemptive competitive exclusion of Ice ϩ bacteria with naturally occurring non-ice nucleation-active bacteria has proven to be an effective and practical means of frost control (70,74). If applied to plants before they become colonized by other bacteria, such antagonists rapidly multiply and compete for limiting resources, presumably carbon compounds (119,120); antagonism via the production of antimicrobial compounds appears to be an uncommon mechanism of interaction of bacteria on leaf surfaces (69). Recombinant Ice Ϫ bacteria, the first recombinant microorganisms released into the open environment in field experiments, were used to test the specificity with which competitive exclusion of Ice ϩ bacteria occurred (70,99).…”

Section: Interactions Between Bacteria On Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiology of the Phyllosphere

Lindow

Brandl

2003

Appl Environ Microbiol

1,819

1,418

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2The above-ground parts of plants are normally colonized by a variety of bacteria, yeasts, and fungi. While a few microbial species can be isolated from within plant tissues, many more are recovered from the surfaces of healthy plants. The aerial habitat colonized by these microbes is termed the phyllosphere, and the inhabitants are called epiphytes. While there has been some investigation of the colonists of buds and flowers (1, 48), most work on phyllosphere microbiology has focused on leaves, a more dominant aerial plant structure. Bacteria are by far the most numerous colonists of leaves, often being found in numbers averaging 10 6 to 10 7 cells/cm 2 (up to 10 8 cells/g) of leaf (1,7,41). Because of their numerical dominance on leaves, and because more information is available on the process of bacterial colonization of leaves, we focus on this group of microbes in this review.Compared to most other bacterial habitats, there has been relatively little examination of phyllosphere microbiology. This is somewhat surprising given the abundance of plants in the world and the roles of various phyllosphere bacteria in the important processes discussed below. Leaves constitute a very large microbial habitat. It is estimated that the terrestrial leaf surface area that might be colonized by microbes is about 6.4 ϫ 10 8 km 2 (83). Given the large number of bacteria on leaves in temperate regions of the world and that populations in tropical regions are probably even larger, the planetary phyllosphere bacterial population may be as large as 10 26 cells (83). Clearly, in aggregate, these bacteria are sufficiently numerous to contribute in many processes of importance to global processes, as well as to the behavior of the individual plants on which they live.In the following sections we review available information on the identities and properties of the bacterial colonists of plant surfaces as well as describe the nature of the leaf surface habitat that these bacteria colonize. We emphasize the results of studies using new molecular and microscopic tools that have provided new insights into both the identity and the behavior of epiphytes, as well as into the nature of the plant surfaces that they inhabit. Also, we review recent studies of the interactions of various epiphytic bacteria with plants, which suggest that there is much more interaction between them than in a strict commensalistic relationship, in which they have been traditionally considered to coexist. The interactions that occur between bacteria on leaves have also received considerable attention. We attempt to illustrate how new approaches to defining the nature of leaf surface habitats have helped us to understand the behavior and interactions of epiphytic bacteria as well as why leaves are a particularly suitable habitat for exploring processes in microbial ecology. More comprehensive reviews of phyllosphere microbiology also address other important features of this interesting association (1,7,8,41,47,55,73). MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES ON LEAVESThe microbial ...

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Lack of Correlation of In Vitro Antibiosis with Antagonism of Ice Nucleation Active Bacteria on Leaf Surfaces by Non-Ice Nucleation Active Bacteria

Cited by 57 publications

References 0 publications

Antagonistic Potential of Fluorescent Pseudomonads and Control of Crown and Root Rot of Cucumber Caused by Phythophtora drechsleri

Antagonistic Potential of Fluorescent Pseudomonads and Control of Crown and Root Rot of Cucumber Caused by Phythophtora drechsleri

The lemA gene required for pathogenicity of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae on bean is a member of a family of two-component regulators

Microbiology of the Phyllosphere

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