Lack of effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acids naturally incorporated into butter on the lipid profile and body composition of overweight and obese men

Abstract

These results suggest that a 10-fold CLA enrichment of butter fat does not induce beneficial metabolic effects in overweight or obese men.

The role of ruminant trans fat as a potential nutraceutical in the prevention of cardiovascular disease

“…Human studies (Desroches et al, 2005) Plasma lipoproteins body composition -Healthy but overweight/obese men -Plasma TC and total:HDL ratio CLA/VA-enriched butter does not induce great beneficial metabolic effects in this population.…”

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA): Good or bad trans fat?

“…When subjects were divided into three BMI categories, there was no differences in the trends of CLA's effects were observed. The apparent lack of CLA's effects on subjects with greater than BMI 30 was not because CLA was not effective in those subjects but rather it may be due to the study designs: one study used enriched butter (predominantely the cis-9,trans-11 isomer, which is the non-active CLA isomer with regard to body composition), 1 study used a hypocaloric diet, and the other used 4 week supplementation (Desroches et al, 2005;Larsen et al, 2006;Riserus et al, 2001).…”

Grass-based ruminant production methods and human bioconversion of vaccenic acid with estimations of maximal dietary intake of conjugated linoleic acids

“…However, the intakes diverged strongly from less than 200 mg d À1 (Jiang, Wolk, & Vessby, 1999;Larsson, Bergkvist, & Wolk, 2005;Ritzenthaler et al, 2001) to more than 1000 mg d À1 (Desroches et al, 2005;Fremann, Linseisen, & Wolfram, 2002). The reason for this fivefold difference in CLA intake is likely to be not only due to varying diets and CLA contents in food sources, but also because of different study designs and differences in the quality of the food composition data used to evaluate the diet.…”

“…Yet, the daily CLA intake was 360 mg for women and 440 mg for men. An estimation of the European Food Safety Authority indicated a possible CLA consumption as high as 1.5 g d À1 in Australia (European Food Safety Authority, 2004) and a diet applied by Desroches et al (2005) reached the highest intake of 2590 mg d À1 using a modified macronutrient profile (dietary energy: carbohydrates 45%, fat 40%, protein 15%). Notably, this latter study concerned food production methods that enhance CLA content.…”

“…Table 2), and en-CLA refers to endogenously bioconverted CLA from vaccenic acid at a 20% conversion rate. Median vaccenic acid contents were taken from protein, and fat; thereof 24%E of the test butter fat) resulted in a daily CLA intake of 2590 mg (Desroches et al, 2005). This high intake of animal-derived fat did not show any deleterious effects on blood lipid profile.…”