Lack of false recognition in schizophrenia: a consequence of poor memory?

Elvevåg, Brita; Fisher, Joscelyn E.; Weickert, Thomas W.; Weinberger, Daniel R.; Goldberg, Terry E.

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2003.08.013

Cited by 57 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Thus, the proneness to false memories seems to be strongly related to the presence of delusions and a possible reason for the inconsistencies in present studies may be that some studies (e.g. Elvevåg et al, 2004;Moritz et al, 2004) did not differentiate between patients with and without delusions.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

“…Typically, healthy participants falsely remember seeing the critical lure and / or new-related items ("false-positive response"; Roediger et al, 2001), during both the recall and the recognition test. Using this paradigm, it has been shown that while patients have poor recall abilities compared to healthy controls (increased forgetting, Elvevåg et al, 2004), they do not demonstrate increased false recognition (Elvevåg et al, 2004;Moritz et al, 2004). Using the same paradigm, Bhatt et al (2010) found that patients, both with and without delusions, made more false positive responses during recognition, compared to controls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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High estradiol levels improve false memory rates and meta-memory in highly schizotypal women

Hodgetts

Hausmann

Weis

2015

Psychiatry Research

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(2015) 'High estradiol levels improve false memory rates and meta-memory in highly schizotypal women.', Psychiatry research., 229 (3). pp. 708-714. Further information on publisher's website:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres. 2015.08.016 Publisher's copyright statement: NOTICE: this is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Psychiatry Research. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be re ected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. AbstractOverconfidence in false memories is often found in patients with schizophrenia and healthy participants with high levels of schizotypy, indicating an impairment of meta-cognition within the memory domain. In general, cognitive control is suggested to be modulated by natural fluctuations in estrogen. However, whether estrogen exerts beneficial effects on metamemory has not yet been investigated. The present study sought to provide evidence that high levels of schizotypy are associated with increased false memory rates and overconfidence in false memories, and that these processes may be modulated by natural differences in estradiol levels. Using the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm, it was found that highly schizotypal participants with high estradiol produced significantly fewer false memories than those with low estradiol. No such difference was found within the low schizotypy participants. Highly schizotypal participants with high estradiol were also less confident in their false memories than those with low estradiol; low schizotypy participants with high estradiol were more confident. However, these differences only approached significance. These findings suggest that the beneficial effect of estradiol on memory and meta-memory observed in healthy participants is specific to highly schizotypal individuals and might be related to individual differences in baseline dopaminergic activity.

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

High estradiol levels improve false memory rates and meta-memory in highly schizotypal women

Hodgetts

Hausmann

Weis

2015

Psychiatry Research

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“…By contrast, strong suggestive evidence (e.g. when distrators match the target on multiple aspects) may elicit a comparable degree of high-confident false memories in both schizophrenia patients and healthy subjects, as has been shown previously (Huron & Danion, 2002 ;Elvevåg et al 2004 ;. In this case the amount of evidence for accepting passes the more conservative acceptance threshold of healthy subjects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Memory and metamemory in schizophrenia: a liberal acceptance account of psychosis

et al. 2008

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Background. In previous studies we suggested that liberal acceptance (LA) represents a fundamental cognitive bias in schizophrenia and may explain why patients are more willing to accept weak response alternatives and display overconfidence in incorrect responses. The aim of the present study was to test a central assumption of the LA account : false alarms in schizophrenia should be particularly increased when the distractor-target resemblance is weak relative to a control group.Method. Sixty-eight schizophrenia patients were compared to 25 healthy controls on a visual memory task. At encoding, participants studied eight complex displays, each consisting of a unique pairing of four stimulus attributes : symbol, shape, position and colour. At recognition, studied items were presented along with distractors that resembled the targets to varying degrees (i.e. the match between distractors and targets ranged from one to three attributes). Participants were required to make old/new judgements graded for confidence.Results. The hypotheses were confirmed : false recognition was increased for patients compared to controls for weakly and moderately related distractors only, whereas strong lure items induced similar levels of false recognition for both groups. In accordance with prior research, patients displayed a significantly reduced confidence gap and enhanced knowledge corruption compared to controls. Finally, higher neuroleptic dosage was related to a decreased number of high-confident ratings.Conclusions. These data assert that LA is a core mechanism contributing to both enhanced acceptance of weakly supported response alternatives and metamemory deficits, and this may be linked to the emergence of positive symptomatology.

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“…Interestingly, recent studies (Elvevåg, Fisher, Weickert, Weinberger, & Goldberg, 2004;Moritz et al, 2004;Weiss, Dodson, Goff, Schacter, & Heckers, 2002) noted that schizophrenic patients' memory is superior to that of control individuals in one particular respect: Schizophrenic patients are less susceptible to experimentally induced false memories (i.e., false alarms of critical lures). For example, using the standard Deese/RoedigerMcDermott paradigm (DRM; Deese, 1959;Roediger & McDermott, 1995) to elicit such false alarms, Moritz et al (2004) found that compared to healthy controls, patients with schizophrenia produce relatively few false alarms when confronted with semantically related lures in a recognition task (e.g., they less often falsely recognise the never presented word sleep among a list of previously presented semantic associates like bed, rest , tired, and so on).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…A plethora of research has demonstrated a specific link between clinical symptomatology (positive and negative symptoms) and susceptibility to source misattributions (e.g., Brébion et al, 2000Brébion et al, , 2002Brébion, Gorman, Malaspina, & Amador, 2005; see also Nienow & Docherty, 2004, for similar findings). Moreover, recent studies demonstrated that source misattribution performance is partly dependent on intellectual ability (Vinogradov et al, 1997) and cognitive functions (e.g., verbal memory performance; Elvevåg et al, 2004;Moritz et al, 2003Moritz et al, , 2004. In an attempt to integrate these findings, Brébion et al (2005) investigated the relationships between verbal memory impairments, source misattribution, and automated cognitive functions, on the one hand, and clinical symptomatology, on the other.…”

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confidence: 99%

Did I say that word or did you? Executive dysfunctions in schizophrenic patients affect memory efficiency, but not source attributions

Peters

Cima

Smeets

et al. 2007

Cognitive Neuropsychiatry

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This article maybe used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden.The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. © Taylor and Francis 2007Downloaded By: [ Results. Patients with schizophrenia showed poorer memory efficiency and were more prone to make internal-external source misattributions with high confidence. However, they did not more often falsely recognise critical lure words than controls. Executive dysfunctions predicted memory efficiency, but not source misattribution performance. Conclusion. Our findings provide further evidence that schizophrenic patients' memory impairments are intimately related to fundamental neurocognitive deficits.Correspondence should be addressed to Maarten

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Lack of false recognition in schizophrenia: a consequence of poor memory?

Cited by 57 publications

References 42 publications

High estradiol levels improve false memory rates and meta-memory in highly schizotypal women

High estradiol levels improve false memory rates and meta-memory in highly schizotypal women

Memory and metamemory in schizophrenia: a liberal acceptance account of psychosis

Did I say that word or did you? Executive dysfunctions in schizophrenic patients affect memory efficiency, but not source attributions

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