Lack of mixotrophy in three Karenia species and the prey spectrum of Karenia mikimotoi (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae)

Ok, Jin Hee; Jeong, Hoon Eui; Lim, An Suk; Kang, Hee Chang; You, Ji Hyun; Park, Sang Ah; Eom, Se Hee

doi:10.4490/algae.2023.38.2.28

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 88 publications

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“…Previous studies of the mixoplanktonic behavior of cultured K. brevis were conducted with grazers acclimated to 20 • C [12][13][14]. The grazing responses of K. mikimotoi-a close relative to K. brevis-have also been investigated at a single temperature, 20 • C [17][18][19]. In the present study, the feeding behavior and photosynthetic responses of natural K. brevis populations and cultured prey to short-term temperature variations (ambient temperature and ±5 • C variations) were examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature-Dependent Mixotrophy in Natural Populations of the Toxic Dinoflagellate Karenia brevis

Ahn,

Glibert

2024

Water

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Previous studies have revealed that mixotrophs can become more heterotrophic as the temperature rises, although these studies were primarily conducted under laboratory conditions with temperature-acclimated grazers. This study investigated the short-term thermal regulation of grazing and photosynthetic performance, measured in terms of the maximum relative electron transport rate (rETRmax), of natural Karenia brevis populations on cultured Synechococcus. Bloom waters were collected in Sarasota, Florida, during the fall of 2022. Synechococcus were inoculated into K. brevis bloom waters in varying ratios and incubated at an ambient temperature and an ambient temperature ±5 °C (19, 24, and 29 °C). In general, the grazing coefficient, clearance, and ingestion rates were higher in warmer waters, although ingestion rates were significantly regulated by the prey-to-grazer ratios and, to a lesser degree, by temperatures (22 to 204 Synechococcus K. brevis−1 d−1). Overall, the rETRmax of Synechococcus controls generally increased over time with a more substantial increase at warmer temperatures, but, in the presence of grazers, the rETRmax of Synechococcus did not increase, and, remarkably, even decreased in some cases. These findings suggest that grazing on Synechococcus could directly regulate Synechococcus concentrations and indirectly reduce the photosynthetic performance of prey. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that the thermal regulation of grazing and photosynthetic performance can occur on a short-term basis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature-Dependent Mixotrophy in Natural Populations of the Toxic Dinoflagellate Karenia brevis

Ahn,

Glibert

2024

Water

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Density-dependent inhibition among four major dinoflagellate species causing red tides in Korean waters

Ok,

Jeong,

Lee

et al. 2023

Mar Biol

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Interactions between the calanoid copepod Acartia hongi and the bloom-forming dinoflagellates Karenia bicuneiformis and K. selliformis

Ok,

Jeong,

You

et al. 2024

Mar Biol

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Copepods are a major component of metazooplankton and important prey for fish and invertebrates such as crabs, shrimps, and flatworms. Certain bloom-forming dinoflagellates can kill copepods, but there is little research on the interactions between copepods and the bloom-forming dinoflagellates Karenia bicuneiformis and K. selliformis. In this study, the survival and ingestion rates of the calanoid copepod Acartia hongi feeding on K. bicuneiformis and K. selliformis were determined as a function of prey concentration. On day 2, the survival of A. hongi incubated with K. bicuneiformis was 90–100% at all the tested prey concentrations, while that with K. selliformis was 0–20% at ≥ 582 ng C mL−1. Compared to other harmful dinoflagellates from the literature, K. bicuneiformis caused low mortality of Acartia; however, K. selliformis caused almost the highest mortality at similar dinoflagellate concentrations. With increasing mean prey concentration, the ingestion rates of A. hongi feeding on K. bicuneiformis increased on day 1, but those on K. selliformis did not increase. Acartia hongi stopped feeding on K. bicuneiformis at mean prey concentrations of ≥ 341 ng C mL−1 and K. selliformis at all prey concentrations on day 2. At the prey concentration of 1000 ng C mL−1, the ingestion rate of A. hongi feeding on K. bicuneiformis was moderate among the rates of Acartia spp. feeding on harmful dinoflagellates; however, that on K. selliformis was the lowest. These results indicate that K. bicuneiformis and K. selliformis differentially affect the survival and ingestion rates of A. hongi.

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Lack of mixotrophy in three Karenia species and the prey spectrum of Karenia mikimotoi (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae)

Cited by 9 publications

References 88 publications

Temperature-Dependent Mixotrophy in Natural Populations of the Toxic Dinoflagellate Karenia brevis

Temperature-Dependent Mixotrophy in Natural Populations of the Toxic Dinoflagellate Karenia brevis

Density-dependent inhibition among four major dinoflagellate species causing red tides in Korean waters

Interactions between the calanoid copepod Acartia hongi and the bloom-forming dinoflagellates Karenia bicuneiformis and K. selliformis

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