Lack of Mutagenic Activity of Sulfur Nanoparticles in Micronucleus Test on L5178Y Cell Culture

Islamov, Rinat; Bishimova, I.; Sabitov, A.N.; Il’in, A. I.; Burkitbaev, M.

doi:10.1134/s1990519x18010078

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Elemental sulfur is often used as a fungicide. Although its toxicity mechanism is unclear, a recent study suggested that sulfur is transported into the cell in the form of H 2 S n [22], inducing protein persulfidation as a possible toxic mechanism [23]. Fungi may use glutathione to reduce polysulfide to H 2 S as a detoxification mechanism [22,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OxyR senses sulfane sulfur and activates the genes for its removal in Escherichia coli

et al. 2019

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Sulfane sulfur species including hydrogen polysulfide and organic persulfide are newly recognized normal cellular components, and they participate in signaling and protect cells from oxidative stress. Their production has been extensively studied, but their removal is less characterized. Herein, we showed that sulfane sulfur at high levels was toxic to Escherichia coli under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. OxyR, a well-known regulator against H2O2, also sensed sulfane sulfur, as revealed via mutational analysis, constructed gene circuits, and in vitro gene expression. Hydrogen polysulfide modified OxyR at Cys199 to form a persulfide OxyR C199-SSH, and the modified OxyR activated the expression of thioredoxin 2 and glutaredoxin 1. The two enzymes are known to reduce sulfane sulfur to hydrogen sulfide. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that OxyR homologs are widely present in bacteria, including obligate anaerobic bacteria. Thus, the OxyR sensing of sulfane sulfur may represent a preserved mechanism for bacteria to deal with sulfane sulfur stress.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OxyR senses sulfane sulfur and activates the genes for its removal in Escherichia coli

et al. 2019

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“…S 0 is a common fungicide [ 28 , 29 ]. S 0 is believed to be transported into the cell as hydrogen polysulfide (H 2 S n ) [ 30 , 31 ], which reacts with cellular thiols, including protein thiols and GSH, to form organic persulfide and polysulfide (RS n H, n ≥ 2). GSH spontaneously reacts with RS n H to produce H 2 S and GSSG, and S 0 toxicity could be due to the combination of thiol modification and H 2 S production [ 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mechanisms of Thiosulfate Toxicity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae

et al. 2021

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Elemental sulfur and sulfite have been used to inhibit the growth of yeasts, but thiosulfate has not been reported to be toxic to yeasts. We observed that thiosulfate was more inhibitory than sulfite to Saccharomyces cerevisiae growing in a common yeast medium. At pH < 4, thiosulfate was a source of elemental sulfur and sulfurous acid, and both were highly toxic to the yeast. At pH 6, thiosulfate directly inhibited the electron transport chain in yeast mitochondria, leading to reductions in oxygen consumption, mitochondrial membrane potential and cellular ATP. Although thiosulfate was converted to sulfite and H2S by the mitochondrial rhodanese Rdl1, its toxicity was not due to H2S as the rdl1-deletion mutant that produced significantly less H2S was more sensitive to thiosulfate than the wild type. Evidence suggests that thiosulfate inhibits cytochrome c oxidase of the electron transport chain in yeast mitochondria. Thus, thiosulfate is a potential agent against yeasts.

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“…Nano-sulfur has found application as antimicrobial agents, as sulfur-based photocatalysts, in lithium-sulfur batteries, etc. ,, In spite of extensive interest among researchers, very few reports are available in exploring the potential of nano-sulfur as an antitumor agent. The cytotoxicity and mutagenic activity of nano-sulfur were examined on the L5178Y cell line by Islamov et al The mechanism of cytotoxic action was assumed to be associated with the interaction of elemental sulfur with sulfhydryl groups of molecules inside the cell. Shankar et al have examined the cytotoxic effect of nano-sulfur on murine colorectal carcinoma (CT26), Caco-2, human lung carcinoma (A549), and human fibroblast (CCD-986sk) cells .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Effects of Chemogenic and Biogenic Nano-sulfur on Human Carcinoma Cells: A Comparative Study

Krishnappa

Chandraprabha

et al. 2021

ACS Omega

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Two-dimensional nanostructures have gained tremendous interest in the field of biomedical applications and cancer activity in particular. Although sulfur is known for its wide range of biological activities, its potentiality in two-dimensional forms as an antitumor agent is hitherto unexplored. To address the current deficient knowledge on nano-sulfur as an antitumor agent, we report the synthesis of nano-sulfur sheets/particles and their cytotoxic, apoptotic activity against human carcinoma cell lines. In vitro cytotoxic effects of biogenic nanosheets (SNP-B) and chemogenic nanoparticles (SNP-C) were assessed against human lung carcinoma (A549), human epidermoid carcinoma (A431), human promyelocytic leukaemia (HL60) and human lung fibroblast (IMR90) cell lines. Cell cycle analysis, apoptotic study, and caspase-3 expression studies were carried out to understand the mechanism of cytotoxic activity of nano-sulfur. The MTT assay indicated a dose-dependent decrease in viability of all the cell lines treated with nano-sulfur, with SNP-B being more toxic compared to SNP-C. The apoptotic study and cell cycle analysis indicated cell cycle arrest followed by apoptosis-induced cell death. The caspase-3 expression study indicated that nano-sulfur induces apoptosis by the activation of caspase through the mitochondrial pathway. Apart from this, a lower cytotoxicity was observed in IMR90 cell lines treated with SNP-B , indicating a higher specificity of synthesized nanosheets towards cancer cells. Taken all together, this work highlights the potentiality of sulfur nanosheets in inducing cytotoxicity and apoptotic activity, and the impact of morphology as a critical determinant on the cytotoxic response on various cell lines.

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Lack of Mutagenic Activity of Sulfur Nanoparticles in Micronucleus Test on L5178Y Cell Culture

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

OxyR senses sulfane sulfur and activates the genes for its removal in Escherichia coli

OxyR senses sulfane sulfur and activates the genes for its removal in Escherichia coli

The Mechanisms of Thiosulfate Toxicity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Effects of Chemogenic and Biogenic Nano-sulfur on Human Carcinoma Cells: A Comparative Study

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