Lack of neutralizing activity in nonconvalescent sera, regardless of ABO blood group and anti-A isoagglutinin titer

Focosi, Daniele; Rosellini, Alfredo; Spezia, Pietro Giorgio; Macera, Lisa; Lanza, Maria Concetta; Paolicchi, Aldo; Biagini, Denise; Baj, Andreina; Pistello, Mauro; Maggi, Fabrizio

doi:10.1016/j.jcvp.2021.100035

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Despite the initial signs of heterologous immunity to SARS-CoV-2 from previous seasonal coronavirus infection [36,37], pre-pandemic sera have been shown to be devoid of neutralizing activity [38], making the occurrence of neutralizing activity extremely unlikely in lots manufactured from plasma collected before 2021. However, the situation is rapidly evolving, with most plasma donors worldwide becoming seropositive because of convalescence and/or vaccination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of High-Dose Polyclonal Intravenous Immunoglobulin in COVID-19: A Systematic Review

Focosi¹,

Franchini

Tuccori

et al. 2022

Vaccines

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Background: Although several therapeutic strategies have been investigated, the optimal treatment approach for patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) remains to be elucidated. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of polyclonal intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy in COVID-19. Methods: A systematic literature search using appropriate medical subject heading (MeSH) terms was performed through Medline (PubMed), EMBASE, SCOPUS, OVID and Cochrane Library electronic databases. The main outcomes considered were mortality and safety of IVIG versus placebo/standard of care. This review was carried out in accordance with Cochrane methodology including the risk bias assessment and grading of the quality of evidence. Measures of treatment effect were mean differences (MD) together with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for continuous outcome measures and risk ratio (RR) or MD for binary outcomes. Two reviewers independently extracted data from individual studies, and disagreements were resolved by a third reviewer. Results: A total of 2401 COVID-19 patients from 10 studies (four randomized controlled trials (RCT) and six non-randomized controlled trials (non-RCTs)) were included in the analysis. Participants received IVIG or placebo/standard of care. The use of IVIG was not associated with a significantly reduced risk of death (RR 0.50, 95% CIs 0.18–1.36, p = 0.17 for RCTs; RR 0.95, 95% CIs 0.61–1.58, p = 0.94 for non-RCTs; low certainty of evidence). IVIG significantly reduced the length of hospital stay (MD −2.24, 95% CIs −3.20/−1.27; p = 0.00001; low certainty of evidence), although this difference was significant only for studies evaluating moderate COVID-19 patients. No significant difference was observed in the incidence of overall and serious adverse events between IVIG recipients and controls (very low certainty of evidence). Conclusions: The current evidence from the literature does not support the use of IVIG in COVID-19 patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of High-Dose Polyclonal Intravenous Immunoglobulin in COVID-19: A Systematic Review

Focosi¹,

Franchini

Tuccori

et al. 2022

Vaccines

Self Cite

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“…Low ABO antibody levels have been found in COVID-19 cases compared with controls, suggesting that ABO antibodies play a role in protecting against the infection [ 62 ]. However, no relevant neutralizing activity in ABO has been found in another study [ 63 ], and the levels of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies were also not significantly associated with the ABO Rh(D) group [ 50 ]. On the other hand, there are a total of 43 blood group systems with 345 distinct antigen specificities with variations in human populations [ 64 ] and only four basic ABO groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ABO Blood Groups and Incidence of COVID-19 in the Mass Gathering Events in Borriana (Spain), March 2020: A Retrospective Cohort Study

et al. 2023

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Our objective was to estimate the incidence of COVID-19 and the ABO blood Groups in the mass-gathering events (MGEs) during the Falles Festival in Borriana (Spain) from 6–10 March 2020. We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study and measured anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and the ABO of participants. We performed laboratory COVID-19 tests and obtained the ABO in 775 subjects (72.8% of the original exposed cohort): O-group (45.2%), A-group (43.1%), B-group (8.5%) and AB-group (3.4%). Adjusted for confounding factors, including COVID-19 exposure during the MGEs, attack rates of COVID-19 for each ABO group were 55.4%, 59.6%, 60.2%, and 63.7%. The adjusted relative risks were for O-group 0.93 (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.83–1.04), for A-group 1.06 (95% CI 0.94–1.18), for B-group 1.04 (95%CI 0.88–1.24), and for AB-group 1.11 (95% CI 0.81–1.51) with no significant differences. Conclusions: Our results suggest no effect of ABO on COVID-19 incidence. We observed weak but not significant protection of the O-group and not a significantly greater infection risk for the remaining groups compared with the O-group. More studies are needed to resolve the controversies regarding the association between ABO and COVID-19.

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“…Despite initial signs of heterologous immunity to SARS‐CoV‐2 from previous seasonal coronavirus infection in pre‐pandemic IG lots of HyQvia ® (Baxalta Innovations GmbH), Privigen ® (CSL Behring), Intratect ® (Biotest AG), IgVena ® (Kedrion S.p.A), and Flebogamma ® (Grifols S.A.), 6–8 pre‐pandemic sera have been shown to be devoid of nAb, 9,10 making the occurrence of neutralizing activity extremely unlikely in IG lots manufactured from plasma collected before 2021. However, the situation is rapidly evolving, with most plasma donors worldwide becoming SARS‐CoV‐2 seropositive because of convalescence and/or COVID‐19 vaccination.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Passive immunotherapies for COVID‐19: The subtle line between standard and hyperimmune immunoglobulins is getting invisible

Focosi¹,

Franchini

2022

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Lack of neutralizing activity in nonconvalescent sera, regardless of ABO blood group and anti-A isoagglutinin titer

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

Efficacy of High-Dose Polyclonal Intravenous Immunoglobulin in COVID-19: A Systematic Review

Efficacy of High-Dose Polyclonal Intravenous Immunoglobulin in COVID-19: A Systematic Review

ABO Blood Groups and Incidence of COVID-19 in the Mass Gathering Events in Borriana (Spain), March 2020: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Passive immunotherapies for COVID‐19: The subtle line between standard and hyperimmune immunoglobulins is getting invisible

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