Lack of population genetic structure and host specificity in the bat fly, Cyclopodia horsfieldi, across species of Pteropus bats in Southeast Asia

Olival, Kevin J.; Dick, Carl W.; Simmons, Nancy B.; Morales, Juan Carlos; Melnick, Don J.; Dittmar, Katharina; Perkins, Susan L.; Daszak, Peter; DeSalle, Rob

doi:10.1186/1756-3305-6-231

Cited by 41 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 90 publications

(108 reference statements)

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“…Our study provides evidence that P. medius was in physical contact with individuals of P. lylei and P. vampurus in the recent past, facilitating NiV transmission. Interspecific sharing of ectoparasitic Nycteribiid bat flies and high levels of parasite gene flow provides further supports the evidence of frequent contact between among Pteropus species (Olival et al ). Potential contact zones may include areas of Myanmar, where the bat fauna is still poorly known (Bates et al, ), and western Thailand.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Population genetics of fruit bat reservoir informs the dynamics, distribution and diversity of Nipah virus

et al. 2019

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The structure and connectivity of wildlife host populations may influence zoonotic disease dynamics, evolution and therefore spillover risk to people. Fruit bats in the genus Pteropus, or flying foxes, are the primary natural reservoir for henipaviruses—a group of emerging paramyxoviruses that threaten livestock and public health. In Bangladesh, Pteropus medius is the reservoir for Nipah virus—and viral spillover has led to human fatalities nearly every year since 2001. Here, we use mitochondrial DNA and nuclear microsatellite markers to measure the population structure, demographic history and phylogeography of P. medius in Bangladesh. We combine this with a phylogeographic analysis of all known Nipah virus sequences and strains currently available to better inform the dynamics, distribution and evolutionary history of Nipah virus. We show that P. medius is primarily panmictic, but combined analysis of microsatellite and morphological data shows evidence for differentiation of two populations in eastern Bangladesh, corresponding to a divergent strain of Nipah virus also found in bats from eastern Bangladesh. Our demographic analyses indicate that a large, expanding population of flying foxes has existed in Bangladesh since the Late Pleistocene, coinciding with human population expansion in South Asia, suggesting repeated historical spillover of Nipah virus likely occurred. We present the first evidence of mitochondrial introgression, or hybridization, between P. medius and flying fox species found in South‐East Asia (P. vampyrus and P. hypomelanus), which may help to explain the distribution of Nipah virus strains across the region.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Population genetics of fruit bat reservoir informs the dynamics, distribution and diversity of Nipah virus

et al. 2019

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“…Across the range of C. adjunctus , we found significant genetic structure, a large proportion of which was explained by geographic distance. Whereas IBD has not been previously investigated in most bat parasites (but see [33]), it has been investigated in two of the key hosts of C. adjunctus , the big brown bat and the little brown myotis. A relationship between genetic and geographic distance has been observed in both the big brown bat [20] and little brown myotis across a considerably smaller spatial scale [24] than examined here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Range-wide genetic structure and demographic history in the bat ectoparasite Cimex adjunctus

et al. 2016

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BackgroundEvolutionary histories of parasite and host populations are intimately linked such that their spatial genetic structures may be correlated. While these processes have been relatively well studied in specialist parasites and their hosts, less is known about the ecological and evolutionary consequences of relationships between generalist ectoparasites and their hosts. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic structure and demographic history of a bat ectoparasite, Cimex adjunctus, whose host affinity is weak but the biology of the potential hosts have been well studied. This ectoparasite has been hypothesized to rely on its hosts for dispersal due to its low inherent dispersal potential. Here we describe genetic diversity and demographic history in C. adjunctus through most of its range in North America. We investigated variation at the cytochrome c oxidase 1 mitochondrial gene and nine microsatellite markers, and tested the prediction that genetic diversity in C. adjunctus is spatially structured. We also tested the prediction that demographic history in C. adjunctus is characterized by range and demographic expansion as a consequence of post-Pleistocene climate warming.ResultsWe found stronger spatial structuring of genetic diversity in C. adjunctus than has been quantified in two of its hosts, but contrast in amount of variation explained by host association with different genetic markers (i.e., nuclear vs mitochondrial DNA). Also, C. adjunctus’ history is not primarily characterized by demographic and range expansion, as is the case with two of its key hosts.ConclusionsOur study shows different patterns of genetic structure and demographic history in C. adjunctus than have been detected in two of its key hosts. Our results suggest an effect of a loose parasite-host relationship and anti-parasitism strategies on genetic structure and post-Pleistocene recovery of population size.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0839-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Tree-roosting Pteropus spp. are known to host bat flies throughout southeast Asia [ 19 ] and Australia [ 20 ], and investigation of Bartonella spp. infections in these populations will help address the relative influence of host genetic predisposition for Bartonella infection versus vector ecology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bartonella spp. in Fruit Bats and Blood-Feeding Ectoparasites in Madagascar

et al. 2015

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We captured, ectoparasite-combed, and blood-sampled cave-roosting Madagascan fruit bats (Eidolon dupreanum) and tree-roosting Madagascan flying foxes (Pteropus rufus) in four single-species roosts within a sympatric geographic foraging range for these species in central Madagascar. We describe infection with novel Bartonella spp. in sampled Eidolon dupreanum and associated bat flies (Cyclopodia dubia), which nest close to or within major known Bartonella lineages; simultaneously, we report the absence of Bartonella spp. in Thaumapsylla sp. fleas collected from these same bats. This represents the first documented finding of Bartonella infection in these species of bat and bat fly, as well as a new geographic record for Thaumapsylla sp. We further relate the absence of both Bartonella spp. and ectoparasites in sympatrically sampled Pteropus rufus, thus suggestive of a potential role for bat flies in Bartonella spp. transmission. These findings shed light on transmission ecology of bat-borne Bartonella spp., recently demonstrated as a potentially zoonotic pathogen.

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Lack of population genetic structure and host specificity in the bat fly, Cyclopodia horsfieldi, across species of Pteropus bats in Southeast Asia

Cited by 41 publications

References 90 publications

Population genetics of fruit bat reservoir informs the dynamics, distribution and diversity of Nipah virus

Population genetics of fruit bat reservoir informs the dynamics, distribution and diversity of Nipah virus

Range-wide genetic structure and demographic history in the bat ectoparasite Cimex adjunctus

Bartonella spp. in Fruit Bats and Blood-Feeding Ectoparasites in Madagascar

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