Lack of protection against feline immunodeficiency virus infection among domestic cats in New Zealand vaccinated with the Fel-O-Vax® FIV vaccine

Stickney, Alison; Ghosh, Sayani; Cave, Nick J.; Dunowska, Magdalena

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108865

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Recombinant subtype viruses exist (e.g., A/B, A/C, etc.) and have been reported in the field 6, 7, 9–11 …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 93%

“…A NZ field study recently reported no protection from FIV infection in FIV-vaccinated cats. 11 The definition for FIV-positivity was more relaxed in the NZ study and there were biases with case recruitment that impacted study results. For example, the rate of FIV infection in controls was half that of vaccinates, suggesting differences between the recruited groups.…”

Section: Fiv Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, since Fel-O-Vax® FIV has reports in Australia and NZ of field effectiveness less than 100%, we recommend that cats vaccinated against FIV should undergo annual testing prior to annual FIV re-vaccination to check infection has not occurred in the preceding year, using an Anigen Rapid™ or Wit-ness™ PoC antibody kit (Table 2, Figure 9). 9,11 Suggested FIV vaccination procedure for recently bitten cats Since FIV is most commonly transmitted during fighting, it is the cats that constantly get into fights and being bitten ("brawlers") who are at the greatest risk of becoming FIV-infected. 12,15,30,31 It is these cats who have the most to benefit from FIV vaccination.…”

Section: Fiv Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and have been reported in the field. 6,7,[9][10][11] FIV transmission primarily occurs via bite wounds that introduce saliva containing virus and FIV-infected white blood cells. 12 Therefore, male cats, especially sexually intact male cats ("toms"), have the highest prevalence of FIV infection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in domestic pet cats in Australia and New Zealand: Guidelines for diagnosis, prevention and management

Westman

Coggins

Dorsselaer³

et al. 2022

Aust Veterinary J

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Despite the passage of over 30 years since its discovery, the importance of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) on the health and longevity of infected domestic cats is hotly debated amongst feline experts. Notwithstanding the absence of good quality information, Australian and New Zealand (NZ) veterinarians should aim to minimise the exposure of cats to FIV. The most reliable way to achieve this goal is to recommend that all pet cats are kept exclusively indoors, or with secure outdoor access (e.g., cat enclosures, secure gardens), with FIV testing of any in‐contact cats. All animal holding facilities should aim to individually house adult cats to limit the spread of FIV infection in groups of animals that are stressed and do not have established social hierarchies. Point‐of‐care (PoC) FIV antibody tests are available in Australia and NZ that can distinguish FIV‐infected and uninfected FIV‐vaccinated cats (Witness™ and Anigen Rapid™). Although testing of whole blood, serum or plasma remains the gold standard for FIV diagnosis, PoC testing using saliva may offer a welfare‐friendly alternative in the future. PCR testing to detect FIV infection is not recommended as a screening procedure since a negative PCR result does not rule out FIV infection and is only recommended in specific scenarios. Australia and NZ are two of three countries where a dual subtype FIV vaccine (Fel‐O‐Vax® FIV) is available and offers a further avenue for disease prevention. Since FIV vaccination only has a reported field effectiveness of 56% in Australia, and possibly lower in NZ, FIV‐vaccinated cats should undergo annual FIV testing prior to annual FIV re‐vaccination using a suitable PoC kit to check infection has not occurred in the preceding year. With FIV‐infected cats, clinicians should strive to be even more thorough than usual at detecting early signs of disease. The most effective way to enhance the quality of life and life expectancy of FIV‐infected cats is to optimise basic husbandry and to treat any concurrent conditions early in the disease course. Currently, no available drugs are registered for the treatment of FIV infection. Critically, the euthanasia of healthy FIV‐infected cats, and sick FIV‐infected cats without appropriate clinical investigations, should not occur.

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“…Recombinant subtype viruses exist (e.g., A/B, A/C, etc.) and have been reported in the field 6, 7, 9–11 …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Fiv Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fiv Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in domestic pet cats in Australia and New Zealand: Guidelines for diagnosis, prevention and management

Westman

Coggins

Dorsselaer³

et al. 2022

Aust Veterinary J

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“…Similarly, in a study investigating the efficacy of a canarypox virus-vectored FeLV vaccine (Purevax ® FeLV, Merial), no difference in vaccine efficacy was observed, whether the FeLV component was administered as a monovalent or polyvalent vaccine [58]. Field-based vaccine efficacy studies for all FeLV vaccines are required to determine vaccine performance under natural challenge conditions and in different jurisdictions where different FeLV strains are circulating, similar to studies testing the efficacy of Fel-O-Vax ® FIV in the field [14,59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-SU Antibody Responses in Client-Owned Cats Following Vaccination against Feline Leukaemia Virus with Two Inactivated Whole-Virus Vaccines (Fel-O-Vax® Lv-K and Fel-O-Vax® 5)

Westman

Norris

Malík

et al. 2021

Viruses

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A field study undertaken in Australia compared the antibody responses induced in client-owned cats that had been vaccinated using two inactivated whole feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) vaccines, the monovalent vaccine Fel-O-Vax® Lv-K and the polyvalent vaccine Fel-O-Vax® 5. Serum samples from 428 FeLV-uninfected cats (118 FeLV-vaccinated and 310 FeLV-unvaccinated) were tested for anti-FeLV neutralising antibodies (NAb) using a live virus neutralisation assay to identify 378 FeLV-unexposed (NAb-negative) and 50 FeLV-exposed (NAb-positive; abortive infections) cats, following by anti-surface unit (SU) FeLV-A and FeLV-B antibody ELISA testing. An additional 42 FeLV-infected cats (28 presumptively regressively infected, 14 presumptively progressively infected) were also tested for anti-SU antibodies. NAb-positive cats displayed significantly higher anti-SU antibody ELISA responses compared to NAb-negative cats (p < 0.001). FeLV-unexposed cats (NAb-negative) that had been vaccinated less than 18 months after a previous FeLV vaccination using the monovalent vaccine (Fel-O-Vax® Lv-K) displayed higher anti-SU antibody ELISA responses than a comparable group vaccinated with the polyvalent vaccine (Fel-O-Vax® 5) (p < 0.001 for both anti-FeLV-A and FeLV-B SU antibody responses). This difference in anti-SU antibody responses between cats vaccinated with the monovalent or polyvalent vaccine, however, was not observed in cats that had been naturally exposed to FeLV (NAb-positive) (p = 0.33). It was postulated that vaccination with Fel-O-Vax® 5 primed the humoral response prior to FeLV exposure, such that antibody production increased when the animal was challenged, while vaccination with Fel-O-Vax® Lv-K induced an immediate preparatory antibody response that did not quantitatively increase after FeLV exposure. These results raise questions about the comparable vaccine efficacy of the different FeLV vaccine formulations and correlates of protection.

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Conformational analysis of a new peptide derived from feline immunodeficiency virus gp36 in SDS micelles: An NMR‐MD based investigation

Santoro,

Buonocore,

Firoznezhad

et al. 2024

Journal of Peptide Science

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Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) shares structural similarities with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): the surface glycoprotein gp36 corresponds to the HIV gp41, which drives virus‐host cell interactions and is targeted by the peptide entry inhibitor enfuvirtide. Following a similar drug design strategy for the development of an anti‐FIV therapy, the present study investigates 627‐646gp36 NHR, a peptide sequence derived from a region of gp36 that was previously found to interfere with the antiviral activity of the peptide C8, which instead derives from the gp36 MPER. CD, NMR, and MD simulations were employed to probe the conformational characteristics of 627‐646gp36 NHR in the membrane‐mimicking environment of SDS micelles. Our data show that 627‐646gp36 NHR is characterized by three dynamic helix structures. MD simulations involving 627‐646gp36 NHR, C8, and a larger protein, including the CHR and MPER regions, suggest that the interaction of C8 with the MPER region, the origin of the antiviral activity of C8, is disfavored in the presence of 627‐646gp36 NHR in the simulation. This evidence can be useful for interpreting the molecular mechanism that leads to interference with the activity of C8, providing information on the folding/unfolding mechanism of the viral glycoprotein to design new strategies to inhibit viral entry.

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Lack of protection against feline immunodeficiency virus infection among domestic cats in New Zealand vaccinated with the Fel-O-Vax® FIV vaccine

Cited by 10 publications

References 36 publications

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in domestic pet cats in Australia and New Zealand: Guidelines for diagnosis, prevention and management

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in domestic pet cats in Australia and New Zealand: Guidelines for diagnosis, prevention and management

Anti-SU Antibody Responses in Client-Owned Cats Following Vaccination against Feline Leukaemia Virus with Two Inactivated Whole-Virus Vaccines (Fel-O-Vax® Lv-K and Fel-O-Vax® 5)

Conformational analysis of a new peptide derived from feline immunodeficiency virus gp36 in SDS micelles: An NMR‐MD based investigation

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