Lack of spatial resilience in a recovery process: Case L'Aquila, Italy

Contreras, Diana; Blaschke, Thomas; Hodgson, Michael E.

doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2016.12.010

Cited by 48 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Urban primary social facilities and services, such as administrative services, schools, healthcare facilities, and religious buildings, which are crucial sources for networking and building social ties and cohesion, provide a proxy information on social damage and recovery assessments [32,34,48]. In addition, local facilities in use, such as car parking, highways, city gardens, children playgrounds, and sport playgrounds have been used to assess the social condition of the people living in the shelters and temporary accommodation in recovery processes [34,49,131]. Meanwhile, the number of urban facilities, such as hospitals and schools, serve as a proxy to assess the social resilience of a community to disaster.…”

Section: Services and Infrastructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, the number of urban facilities, such as hospitals and schools, serve as a proxy to assess the social resilience of a community to disaster. An increase in the number of facilities indicates an increase in social resilience [131].…”

Section: Services and Infrastructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low occupancy numbers in new developments demonstrate the dissatisfaction in new settlements, which is usually due to lack of facilities, infrastructure, and job opportunities [135]. RS data is used to detect new settlements and demographic data to extract number of inhabitants [131]. Transportation facilities are a vital infrastructure.…”

Section: Services and Infrastructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Remote Sensing-Based Proxies for Urban Disaster Risk Management and Resilience: A Review

2018

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Rapid increase in population and growing concentration of capital in urban areas has escalated both the severity and longer-term impact of natural disasters. As a result, Disaster Risk Management (DRM) and reduction have been gaining increasing importance for urban areas. Remote sensing plays a key role in providing information for urban DRM analysis due to its agile data acquisition, synoptic perspective, growing range of data types, and instrument sophistication, as well as low cost. As a consequence numerous methods have been developed to extract information for various phases of DRM analysis. However, given the diverse information needs, only few of the parameters of interest are extracted directly, while the majority have to be elicited indirectly using proxies. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the proxies developed for two risk elements typically associated with pre-disaster situations (vulnerability and resilience), and two post-disaster elements (damage and recovery), while focusing on urban DRM. The proxies were reviewed in the context of four main environments and their corresponding sub-categories: built-up (buildings, transport, and others), economic (macro, regional and urban economics, and logistics), social (services and infrastructures, and socio-economic status), and natural. All environments and the corresponding proxies are discussed and analyzed in terms of their reliability and sufficiency in comprehensively addressing the selected DRM assessments. We highlight strength and identify gaps and limitations in current proxies, including inconsistencies in terminology for indirect measurements. We present a systematic overview for each group of the reviewed proxies that could simplify cross-fertilization across different DRM domains and may assist the further development of methods.While systemizing examples from the wider remote sensing domain and insights from social and economic sciences, we suggest a direction for developing new proxies, also potentially suitable for capturing functional recovery.2 of 30 threats, to reduce own overall vulnerability, and to allow the community to recover from adverse impacts when they occur. Decades of disaster research offer extensive findings in this respect [4][5][6][7]. Remote sensing (RS)-as an effective and rapid tool for monitoring large areas-is essential for the acquisition of geospatial data, which in turn constitutes the basis for risk assessment and management. RS is widely used for various aspects of the DRM, ranging from vulnerability [8] to rapid damage assessments [9], for diverse areas ranging from coastal ecosystems [10] to complex urban settings [11], and for disasters as diverse as landslides [12,13] or cyclones [14].Numerous methods have been developed to extract information from RS data to identify, characterize, or quantify different phases of the disaster risk cycle: response, recovery, prevention/mitigation, and preparedness [15]. However, early studies predominantly considered the physical side of the assessments for both ...

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Section: Services and Infrastructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Services and Infrastructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Services and Infrastructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Remote Sensing-Based Proxies for Urban Disaster Risk Management and Resilience: A Review

2018

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“…Such a brief summary of devastating earthquakes and their consequences clearly show that the management of catastrophic events strictly depends on the housing conditions in the earthquake-hit city as well as the local policy and the circumstances under which the earthquake occurred [9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Population Assistance and Returning Home in the Reconstruction Process of the 2009 L’Aquila Earthquake

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The 2009 L'Aquila earthquake left approximately 67,000 homeless people. The earthquake severely damaged facilities, structures, and infrastructure of L'Aquila town, the capital of Abruzzo region, as well as 56 other municipalities in the so-called "crater". The resident population in the crater area at the time of the earthquake included 68,503 inhabitants in the city of L'Aquila and 71,081 in other municipalities of the crater, yielding a total of 139,584 inhabitants. Several solutions were adopted to host homeless people in the immediate emergency phase; then, temporary accommodations were built to host people up to the completion of the reconstruction process. This paper analyzes the timeline by which people who lived in L'Aquila city at the time of earthquake was enabled to return to their houses, either repaired and strengthened or rebuilt. In particular, this analysis covers the first phase of the reconstruction process as well as its second phase, which is currently still ongoing in L'Aquila's historical centers. The trend of a population returning home discussed herein has been determined based on data collected from different databases given by several institutions engaged in the emergency and reconstruction phases; this allowed an estimation of the number of people returned to their homes over time.

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“…The Wayuu women sell handicrafts that they make, as shown in Figure 3, while the men stay at home and take care of the cattle, the crops, and the children. The men of the Wayuu community, during the dry season, migrate to other regions to seek grass for their cattle or to secure jobs in salt extraction [34]. During the 18 th and 19 th centuries, members of the Wayuu community migrated to Venezuela to work on the cocoa, coffee, and indigo plantations.…”

Section: Case Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Integrated Spatial Pattern of Child Mortality during the 2012–2016 Drought in La Guajira, Colombia

Contreras

2019

Sustainability

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The El Niño phenomenon in 2012 triggered a drought in La Guajira, Colombia that extended until 2016. In this period, the average child mortality rate in the area reached 23.4 out of 1000. The aim of this paper is to identify the integrated spatial pattern (ISP) of a single indicator in this case; child mortality. At the same time, the ISP identifies causes and priority areas for action. The socio-economic vulnerability (SEV) variables and spatial indicators related to child mortality were selected from the literature review and through meetings, workshops, and interviews with the affected community during fieldwork. Using correlation analysis and stepwise regression, the SEV variables with more accountability in child mortality during the drought were identified: Households with a monthly income of less than 100 USD, the number of people older than 65, and the number of people younger than 5 years old. Allocating weights to the SEV variables according to their degree of accountability in child mortality, its ISP has been identified. The far north of La Guajira was detected as the area most affected by child mortality and was, therefore, the priority zone for implementing actions focused on generating new sources of income.

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Lack of spatial resilience in a recovery process: Case L'Aquila, Italy

Cited by 48 publications

References 42 publications

Remote Sensing-Based Proxies for Urban Disaster Risk Management and Resilience: A Review

Remote Sensing-Based Proxies for Urban Disaster Risk Management and Resilience: A Review

Analysis of the Population Assistance and Returning Home in the Reconstruction Process of the 2009 L’Aquila Earthquake

The Integrated Spatial Pattern of Child Mortality during the 2012–2016 Drought in La Guajira, Colombia

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