Lack of Transmission of Hepatitis C in Household Contacts of Children with Homozygous β-Thalassaemia

Papanastasiou, Dimitris A.; Spiliopoulou, Iris; Katinakis, S.; Karana-Ginopoulou, Aphrodite; Repanti, Maria

doi:10.1159/000203675

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The possibility of sexual and non-sexual intrafamilial transmission has been identified using molecular methods [Chayama et al, 1995;Demelia et al, 1996]. Some investigators reported an increased risk in the siblings of HCV carriers as well as their children and sexual partners [Vegnente et al, 1994;Demelia et al, 1996;Papanastasiou et al, 1997]. In this study, bivariate analysis failed to reveal any significant risk resulting from living with a person (any relation) with acute or chronic hepatitis or jaundice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Molecular epidemiology of the hepatitis C virus in Western Siberia

Shustov

Кочнева

Сиволобова

et al. 2005

Journal of Medical Virology

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Western Siberia is the region with little information on the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, genotypic diversity of HCV isolates and risk factors. A molecular epidemiological survey was conducted to clarify these issues. Four groups of volunteers were included in a cross-sectional study (n = 500 in each group): health care workers; daycare patients from a hospital for drug users, daycare patients from an AIDS prevention and control center; and persons admitted to a local general practice clinic for any reason (outpatients). The anti-HCV IgG prevalence was 4.6% in health care workers, 48.0% in a narcological center, 35.8% in AIDS center, and 5.6% in outpatients. HCV RNA was found in 79.3%-86.3% of seropositives. A total of 388 HCV isolates were genotyped by direct sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the 5'-UTR and NS5B regions of HCV genome. The genotypes distribution was: 1b--50.3%, 2a--4.4%, 2c--0.3%, 3a--44.8%. One isolate (0.3%) could not be typed unambiguously. This genotypic diversity is intermediate between that of European Russia and China. Genotype 1 prevailed in an older age group (75% among 51-60 years old), and genotype 3 was most prevalent in young people (51.4% in 16-20 years old). A statistically significant (P < 0.05) increase in risk was found in intravenous drug users (odds ratio (OR) = 77.5), unemployed persons (OR = 16.3), persons having >4 sexual partners during lifetime (OR = 4.3), and male homosexuals (OR = 6.6).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Molecular epidemiology of the hepatitis C virus in Western Siberia

Shustov

Кочнева

Сиволобова

et al. 2005

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…47 A Greek study found no anti-HCV antibodies in household contacts of 23 HCV-RNA-positive thalassemia patients with chronic hepatitis during a mean observation of 4 years. 48 Conversely, a cross-sectional study performed in Pakistan found that 20.5% of 341 household contacts of 86 anti-HCV-positive children with thalassemia had anti-HCV antibodies. 49 In another study, performed in India, 16% of 125 first-degree relatives of thalassemia patients with chronic HCV infection were found to be positive for anti-HCV.…”

Section: What Proportion Of Thalassemia Patients Have Chronic Viral Imentioning

confidence: 97%

“…47 A Greek study found no anti-HCV antibodies in household contacts of 23 HCV-RNA-positive thalassemia patients with chronic hepatitis during a mean observation of 4 years. 48 Conversely, a cross-sectional study performed in Pakistan found that 20.5% of 341 household contacts of 86 anti-HCV-positive children with For personal use only. on May 12, 2018. by guest www.bloodjournal.org From thalassemia had anti-HCV antibodies.…”

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confidence: 98%

Management of chronic viral hepatitis in patients with thalassemia: recommendations from an international panel

Marco

Capra²,

Angelucci³

et al. 2010

Blood

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IntroductionIn the last 4 decades, regular blood transfusions and chelation therapy have improved the survival of patients with thalassemia major. 1-3 Despite the progress on chelation therapy, cardiac complications remain the main cause of death among transfusiondependent thalassemia patients related to the susceptibility of cardiac cells to iron overload toxicity. 4,5 The interest in the clinical management of chronic liver diseases has been increasing, however, because of the high prevalence of viral infections in adult transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients and the central role of the liver in regulating the iron metabolism. 5,6 The assessment of heart and liver iron overload is required to tailor iron chelation therapy. Furthermore, the diagnosis of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-or hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related chronic hepatitis is required to identify patients who have a high risk of developing liver complications and who may obtain a benefit by antiviral therapy.The goals of this paper are to summarize the epidemiology and the risks of transmission of viral infections, to analyze invasive and noninvasive methods for the diagnosis of chronic liver disease, to report the knowledge on clinical course of chronic viral hepatitis, and to suggest the management of antiviral therapy. For personal use only. on May 12, 2018. by guest www.bloodjournal.org From An expert hepatologist prepared an initial draft based on systematic review of published literature by Medline search on viral hepatitis in thalassemia patients, examined recently published guidelines on the diagnosis, management, and treatment of chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis C edited by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, the European Association for the Study of the Liver, and the Asian-Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver 7-10 and the Consensus Development Conference sponsored by the National Institutes of Health. 11 Recommendations of the panel of experts were based insofar as possible on evidence from publications that reported data on thalassemia patients. If evidence from thalassemia patients was unavailable, the panel selected recommendations from published guidelines that were suitable for thalassemia patients. Recommendations were evaluated according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation system and classified into 3 levels: high, moderate, or low 12 (Table 1). For each recommendation, the level of evidence (high, moderate, or low) and population studied (general population of patients with viral chronic hepatitis or thalassemia patients) was specified. The panel of experts discussed the draft issue by issue, and 3 experts on blood transfusion, iron metabolism, and viral hepatitis management reviewed the recommendations. Finally, 8 international external experts in pediatrics, hematology, and viral hepatitis reviewed and criticized the recommendations. Methods Results What proportion of thalassemia patients have chronic viral infections?Worldwide, from 0.3% to 5.7% of thala...

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“…Almost 5% HCV infections are caused by needle stick injury [29,30]. 3% to 5% infants acquire HCV from infected mother by perinatal transmission [31]. HCV is present in saliva and milk but transfer of HCV infection through breast milk has not been reported [32,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C Treatment: current and future perspectives

Munir

Saleem

Idrees

et al. 2010

Virol J

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a member of Flaviviridae family and one of the major causes of liver disease. There are about 175 million HCV infected patients worldwide that constitute 3% of world's population. The main route of HCV transmission is parental however 90% intravenous drug users are at highest risk. Standard interferon and ribavirin remained a gold standard of chronic HCV treatment having 38-43% sustained virological response rates. Currently the standard therapy for HCV is pegylated interferon (PEG-INF) with ribavirin. This therapy achieves 50% sustained virological response (SVR) for genotype 1 and 80% for genotype 2 & 3. As pegylated interferon is expensive, standard interferon is still the main therapy for HCV treatment in under developed countries. On the other hand, studies showed that pegylated IFN and RBV therapy has severe side effects like hematological complications. Herbal medicines (laccase, proanthocyandin, Rhodiola kirilowii) are also being in use as a natural and alternative way for treatment of HCV but there is not a single significant report documented yet. Best SVR indicators are genotype 3 and 2, < 0.2 million IU/mL pretreatment viral load, rapid virological response (RVR) rate and age <40 years. New therapeutic approaches are under study like interferon related systems, modified forms of ribavirin, internal ribosome entry site (HCV IRES) inhibitors, NS3 and NS5a inhibitors, novel immunomodulators and specifically targeted anti-viral therapy for hepatitis C compounds. More remedial therapies include caspase inhibitors, anti-fibrotic agents, antibody treatment and vaccines.

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Lack of Transmission of Hepatitis C in Household Contacts of Children with Homozygous β-Thalassaemia

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Molecular epidemiology of the hepatitis C virus in Western Siberia

Molecular epidemiology of the hepatitis C virus in Western Siberia

Management of chronic viral hepatitis in patients with thalassemia: recommendations from an international panel

Hepatitis C Treatment: current and future perspectives

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