Lacrimal sac dacryoliths11The authors have no financial interest in the materials mentioned in this article.

Yazıcı, Bülent; Hammad, Amjad M; Meyer, Dale R.

doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(01)00596-6

Cited by 63 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Dacryoliths have been reported in between 6% and 18% of dacryocystitis cases. [2,6,12–15] Ellis et al thought that the finding of concretions was diagnostic, and Pavilack and Frueh [3] established the diagnosis of chronic canaliculitis by the presence of expressible canalicular concretions. Lee et al also thought that concretions extruding from the punctum were an important characteristic and a sign for diagnosis with canaliculitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical features and surgical outcomes of primary canaliculitis with concretions

et al. 2017

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical features and surgical outcomes of primary canaliculitis with concretions

et al. 2017

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“…Several predisposing factors of dacryolith formation have been suggested. A previous study reported an association between lacrimal sac dacryoliths and the following clinical findings: intermittent or constant epiphora, mucoid discharge, acute lacrimal sac distention, a partial obstruction, recurrent acute dacryocystitis, and cigarette smoking [1]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction is more common in females than males, resulting in the speculation that the obstruction is caused by gender-specific hormonal or anatomic differences. However, it was not possible to demonstrate a gender bias toward dacryolithiasis [2], with neither a female propensity reported by Hawes [3]nor a male preponderance reported by Yazici et al [1]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of pH, Electrolytes and Electrophoretic Studies of Tear Proteins in Tears of Patients with Dacryoliths: A Novel Concept for Dacryoliths

Lee

Yun

2004

Ophthalmologica

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Dacryolithiasis is one of the causes of acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction, although its origin is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in tear constituents between patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction with dacryoliths and those without dacryoliths. In a prospective case-control study, undiluted tears were collected from 30 eyes from 30 patients with partial acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) consisting of 17 PANDO patients with dacryoliths and 13 PANDO patients without dacryoliths. The pH, and the Na⁺, K⁺, Cl^–, total calcium and total protein concentrations were determined. The composition of the tear proteins was assessed by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. In the tear samples from 17 eyes with PANDO/dacryoliths, the mean ± SD K⁺ level was 15.6 ± 3.1 mEq/l. In the tear samples from 13 PANDO controls, the mean ± SD K⁺ level was 19.8 ± 4.9 mEq/l. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p = 0.02). In the tear samples from PANDO/dacryolith patients, the mean ± SD total protein level was 129.0 ± 72.9 mg/dl. In the tear samples from the PANDO controls the mean ± SD total protein level was 261.6 ± 132.5 mg/dl. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p = 0.00). In the tear protein fractions from electrophoresis, a low level of lysozyme was observed in the PANDO/dacryolith samples compared with the PANDO control samples (p = 0.03). The tears from patients with PANDO due to dacryoliths showed a change in the concentrations of electrolytes and protein, particularly lysozyme, compared with that of the patients with PANDO without dacryoliths, which may be related to the pathogenesis of dacryoliths.

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“…Some authors have suggested that cigarette smoking, facial-sinonasal trauma and a history of dacryocystitis may be predisposing factors of PANDO [4]. Some authors have suggested a vicious circle scenario, where certain etiological factors provide reinforcement for other ones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) is idiopathic and occurs more frequently in women (50–83%) than in men [1,4]. One of the proposed etiological factors is a small diameter of the bony canal through which the nasolacrimal duct passes [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical and Morphometric Study of the Bony Nasolacrimal Canal Using Computed Tomography

Lee

et al. 2011

Ophthalmologica

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Aims: To determine the diameters, angles and sectional area of the bony nasolacrimal canal using computed tomography for obtaining detailed anatomical knowledge of the drainage system and utilizing these measurements in planning interventions for nasolacrimal duct obstruction in adults and children. Methods: Using standard computed tomographic images, we measured the diameters, angles and sectional area of the bony nasolacrimal duct in 228 patients without nasolacrimal duct disease. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in other parameters between males and females. In particular, age had a significant effect on the angle between the bony nasolacrimal canal and the nasal floor in the pediatric patients (<10 years; p = 0.00), and pediatric patients had more acute angles than adult patients (>10 years old). Conclusions: In nasolacrimal probing of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction, the probe should be passed more to the posterior part of the nasal cavity. In other words, the distal part of the probe should form a more obtuse angle with the forehead in pediatric patients than in adults. This study may contribute to the establishment of a detailed anatomical and morphometric baseline of the bony nasolacrimal canal and provide useful information for the planning of interventions for nasolacrimal duct obstruction in adults and children.

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Lacrimal sac dacryoliths11The authors have no financial interest in the materials mentioned in this article.

Cited by 63 publications

References 9 publications

Clinical features and surgical outcomes of primary canaliculitis with concretions

Clinical features and surgical outcomes of primary canaliculitis with concretions

Measurement of pH, Electrolytes and Electrophoretic Studies of Tear Proteins in Tears of Patients with Dacryoliths: A Novel Concept for Dacryoliths

Anatomical and Morphometric Study of the Bony Nasolacrimal Canal Using Computed Tomography

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