Lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase levels associated with the severity of COVID‑19: A systematic review and meta‑analysis

Abstract

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) are important indicators of cardiovascular, muscle and liver lesions, and can be used as prognostic indicators for infectious diseases, such as coronavirus disease 2019 . The present systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the prognostic value of LDH and AST levels for COVID-19 severity. Ovid-Medline, PubMed, Embase and The Cochrane Library were used to search for articles, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, until July 2022. The meta-analysis was performed using Revman5.3 and Stata15.1. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of LDH and AST concentrations were analyzed using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was investigated using meta-regression and subgroup methods. A total of 4,342 patients with COVID-19 in 23 articles were included in the present study. LDH (SMD=1.21; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.44) and AST (SMD= 0.68; 95% CI: 0.54, 0.81) were significantly higher in patients with severe COVID-19 compared with in those with non-severe COVID-19. Serum LDH and AST levels in critically ill patients with COVID-19 were increased, suggesting a correlation between the levels of LDH and AST and the severity of COVID-19. These findings may help to develop a risk-stratified approach to the care of patients with this disease.

Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms role in COVID‐19 severity: Results of a Mexican patients’ cohort

“…Many biological factors have been reported to be associated with COVID-19 clinical presentation. Although it was not its main hypothesis, in the present study, we observed older age, higher frequency of low oximetry and death; higher counts of NEUT and higher values of glucose, LDH, CXCL9 and CXCL10 chemokines, as well as lower LYMPH and PLT counts associated with COVID-19 severity (Table 1), corroborating previous reports relating these clinical and laboratory parameters with the disease (Abdollahzadeh et al, 2021;Apaydin et al, 2022;He et al, 2023;Ochoa-Ramírez et al, 2022;Zhang et al, 2023).…”

“…Concerning the laboratory parameters, they did not show differences among the different genotypes or alleles of VDR SNPs with the exception of FokI T allele which was associated with higher AST levels (Table 5). This might offer some clue in elucidating how this allele might contribute to COVID-19 pathology, taking into consideration that elevated AST values have been related to the severe forms (He et al, 2023).…”