Lactation and Metabolic Responses to Graded Abomasal Doses of Methionine and Lysine in Cows Fed Grass Silage Diets

Varvikko, Tuomo; Vanhatalo, Aila; Jalava, Taina; Huhtanen, Pekka

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(99)75523-2

Cited by 82 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…However, it may be speculated that milk fat secretion was increased as a result of increased supply to both the mammary gland (e.g., in the low-CP LM diet) and liver (e.g., high-CP LM diet). Similar results were observed when plasma Met concentration was increased during abomasal infusion of LM or LM plus His in dairy cows fed grass-silage-based diets Varvikko et al, 1999). Lys uptake and balance ratios were higher in the low-CP compared to high-CP diets regardless of the LM infusion without any alteration in protein secretion.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Responses of cows to abomasal infusion of lysine and methionine at two levels of dietary protein

Mabjeesh¹,

Smoler²,

Abramson³

et al. 2002

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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The response in dairy cows fed high-concentrate diets to abomasal infusion of lysine (Lys) and methionine (Met) at two levels of dietary CP was examined. Four multiparous Israeli Holstein cows (day in milk=l 80±30, means ± SE) were utilized in a 4x4 Latin square design experiment that included a 2x2 factorial arrangement with 18-d periods. Cows were surgically prepared with abomasal cannulae and catheters implanted in the costoabdominal artery. Two diets were composed to contain high and low crude protein (CP) content (152 vs 132 g/kg dry matter). Abomasal infusion of either water or Lys (38 g/d) plus Met (14 g/d) was performed with each diet. On the last day of the experimental period the metabolism of amino acids (AA) across the mammary gland was monitored. Dry matter intakes and milk and protein yields were not affected by either dietary CP level or postruminal infusion of Lys plus Met and averaged 15.9, 21.4, and 0.694 kg/d, respectively. Milk fat content and yield were not affected by dietary CP concentration, but did increase with abomasal infusion of Lys plus Met (33.3 vs 37.2 g/kg; PO.04, and 0.703 vs 0.762 kg/d; PO.05, respectively). Arterial plasma concentration of Lys and Met increased by 2.4-and 3.5-fold, respectively, when these AA were infused abomasally.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Responses of cows to abomasal infusion of lysine and methionine at two levels of dietary protein

Mabjeesh¹,

Smoler²,

Abramson³

et al. 2002

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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“…ferent experiments increased milk protein yields by 50 g d -1 , on average, and fat yields were often elevated, up to 100 g d -1 (Robinson 1996). Varvikko et al (1999) found that Met infused up to 40 g d -1 into the abomasum of cows had no effect on either milk protein yield or percentage, but fat percentage increased linearly with Met dose (Table 1). These results indicate the mechanism of the increase in milk fat is distinct from the mechanism of the increase in milk protein.…”

Section: Addition Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Responses to added Met and Lys, which may include an increase in milk fat yield (Robinson 1996;Varvikko et al 1999), are not always consistent with the correction of an AA deficiency.…”

Section: Subtraction Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of the bovine mammary glands to absorptive supply of single amino acids

Cant¹,

Berthiaume²,

Lapierre³

et al. 2003

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Responses of the bovine mammary glands to absorptive supply of single amino acids. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 83: [341][342][343][344][345][346][347][348][349][350][351][352][353][354][355]. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of responses of various tissues of the lactating dairy cow, particularly the mammary glands, to perturbations in supply of single amino acids that result in observed milk protein yields. Additions of methionine, lysine, histidine or leucine to the absorptive supply cause arterial concentrations of these amino acids to increase, mammary extractions to drop and mammary blood flow to decrease. Single subtractions of essential amino acids have the opposite effect. Changes in mammary blood flow that have been recorded can be explained as attempts by the mammary glands to restore intracellular ATP balance in the face of altered concentrations of energy metabolites in the general circulation. In a quantitative sense, milk protein yield is relatively insensitive to fluctuations in arterial amino acid concentrations but can be stimulated by any one of a number of amino acids. In this context, it is suggested that the designation of a limiting amino acid is not appropriate to the purpose of predicting milk protein yield. Rather, milk protein synthesis appears to operate at a predetermined rate set by external communications of milk withdrawal rate, physiological state and overall nutritional status. Utilization of amino acids (AA) by splanchnic and peripheral tissues, in coordination with the mammary setpoint, offsets imperfections in the dietary AA supply. How strongly an individual AA influences the mammary setpoint, arterial concentrations of energy metabolites, and mammary AA transport capacity will determine the magnitude of the milk protein yield response when its absorptive supply is changed. Dans cet article, les auteurs examinent comment certains tissus de la vache laitière en lactation, principalement la glande mammaire, réagissent à une modification de l'apport de certains acides aminés entraînant un changement du rendement du lait en protéines. L'addition de méthionine, de lysine, d'histidine ou de leucine aux acides aminés absorbés augmente leur concentration dans le sang artériel et la diminue dans les sécrétions et le sang de la glande mammaire. La soustraction d'un de ces acides aminés a l'effet contraire. On explique les variations observées au niveau de la circulation sanguine dans la glande mammaire par les efforts que cette dernière déploie pour rétablir l'équilibre de l'ATP après modification de la quantité de métabolites porteurs d'énergie dans la circulation générale. Sur le plan quantitatif, le rendement du lait en protéines est relativement insensible aux fluctuations de la concentration d'acides aminés dans le sang artériel, mais il est stimulé par plusieurs acides aminés. On estime qu'il est impossible de prévoir le rendement du lait en protéines à partir d'un acide aminé limitant. En effet, les protéines laitières semblent être synthétisées à un taux préétabli par les rappo...

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“…Although non-significant (P > 0.1), decreased concentrations of Val, Met and Phe were also noted in our experiment. This discrepancy in response in plasma AA concentrations to Leu infusions is probably caused by the basal diet that seems to be the main factor in determining AA supply, as documented by various responses to Leu supplementation on grass silage or maize silage based diets (Schwab et al, 1992a,b;Vanhatalo et al, 1999;Varvikko et al, 1999;Rulquin and Pisulewski, 2006;Křížová et al, 2008). Further, according to Kröber et al (2001) alterations in blood plasma levels of other AA would reflect interactions with the supplemented AA which, in the case of antagonism, could indicate the necessity of supplementing not only the primarily limiting AA but also others.…”

Section: Blood Parameters and Plasma Aamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus leucine (Leu), which is suggested to be the most-limiting from branched chain AA (e.g. Varvikko et al, 1999), has recently received some attention (Miettinen and Huhtanen, 1997;Varvikko et al, 1999;Iburg and Lebzien, 2000;Rulquin and Pisulewski, 2006) as a potentially limiting AA for milk protein synthesis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of duodenal infusions of leucine on milk yield and plasma amino acids in dairy cows

et al. 2010

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Four high-yielding lactating Holstein cows fitted with duodenal cannulas were used in the experiment. Cows were divided into 2 groups -control (Control) with leucine deficiency and experimental (Leucine) with a leucine supplement. The experiment was divided into 4 periods of 7 days, each consisting of a 3-day preliminary period followed by a 4-day experimental period. In the first period, 2 cows were assigned to Control and the remaining 2 to Leucine. In the subsequent period the cows were switched to the other treatment. Cows were fed individually twice daily the basal diet based on maize silage, lucerne hay and supplemental mixture. Infusions of amino acids in Leucine consisted of methionine (12.6 g/day), lysine (20.7 g/day), histidine (10.7 g/day) and leucine (19.3 g/day). The composition of amino acid infusate in Control was the same except for leucine that was replaced with monosodium L-glutamate. The intake of dry matter was not affected by the treatment (P > 0.05). No effect of leucine infusion on milk yield and composition was observed (P > 0.05), nevertheless the concentration of protein and casein in milk tended to be higher in Leucine (38.3 and 31.3 g/kg) than in Control (37.4 and 30.4 g/kg, respectively, P < 0.1). The yield of milk components was not affected by the treatment (P > 0.05). Duodenal infusion of leucine resulted in a decreased plasma level of isoleucine in Leucine compared to Control (P < 0.01). Concentrations of leucine, cysteine and citrulline tended to be higher and the concentration of tyrosine tended to be lower in Leucine in comparison with Control (P < 0.10).

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Lactation and Metabolic Responses to Graded Abomasal Doses of Methionine and Lysine in Cows Fed Grass Silage Diets

Cited by 82 publications

References 23 publications

Responses of cows to abomasal infusion of lysine and methionine at two levels of dietary protein

Responses of cows to abomasal infusion of lysine and methionine at two levels of dietary protein

Responses of the bovine mammary glands to absorptive supply of single amino acids

Effect of duodenal infusions of leucine on milk yield and plasma amino acids in dairy cows

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