Lactation Mastitis: Bacterial Cultivation of Breast Milk, Symptoms, Treatment, and Outcome

Osterman, Karin L.; Rahm, Vivi-Anne

doi:10.1177/089033440001600405

Cited by 100 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Among many findings, these studies illustrate that the inflammatory response is modulated by interactions with CD14, and that it results in a neutrophil influx regulated by mammary alveolar macrophages. As suggested in both our previously published work 4 , as well as that of others 2 this model of mastitis may be further used to study mechanisms and therapeutics relevant in humans, where as many as 3-33% of breastfeeding women suffer from this painful infection (percentage varies based on study methodology) 15 . It may also prove a useful research tool for those in the dairy industry, where mastitis is a costly disease leading to significant losses in milk production each year 16 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Intraductal Injection of LPS as a Mouse Model of Mastitis: Signaling Visualized via an NF-κB Reporter Transgenic

Barham

Sherrill

Connelly

et al. 2012

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Animal models of human disease are necessary in order to rigorously study stages of disease progression and associated mechanisms, and ultimately, as pre-clinical models to test interventions. In these methods, we describe a technique in which lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is injected into the lactating mouse mammary gland via the nipple, effectively modeling mastitis, or inflammation, of the gland. This simulated infection results in increased nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling, as visualized through bioluminescent imaging of an NF-κB luciferase reporter mouse 1 .Our ultimate goal in developing these methods was to study the inflammation associated with mastitis in the lactating gland, which often includes redness, swelling, and immune cell infiltration 2,3 . Therefore, we were keenly aware that incision or any type of wounding of the skin, the nipple, or the gland in order to introduce the LPS could not be utilized in our methods since the approach would likely confound the read-out of inflammation. We also desired a straight-forward method that did not require specially made hand-drawn pipettes or the use of micromanipulators to hold these specialized tools in place. Thus, we determined to use a commercially available insulin syringe and to inject the agent into the mammary duct of an intact nipple. This method was successful and allowed us to study the inflammation associated with LPS injection without any additional effects overlaid by the process of injection. In addition, this method also utilized an NF-κB luciferase reporter transgenic mouse and bioluminescent imaging technology to visually and quantitatively show increased NF-κB signaling within the LPS-injected gland 4 .These methods are of interest to researchers of many disciplines who wish to model disease within the lactating mammary gland, as ultimately, the technique described here could be utilized for injection of a number of substances, and is not limited to only LPS. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Intraductal Injection of LPS as a Mouse Model of Mastitis: Signaling Visualized via an NF-κB Reporter Transgenic

Barham

Sherrill

Connelly

et al. 2012

JoVE

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“…11 Su incidencia está alrededor del 10% (de 3% a 33%, según series) de las mujeres lactantes. [1][2][3][4] Suele ocurrir en los tres primeros meses, especialmente entre la segunda y la tercera semana posparto, 1,4,5,9,12 y recurre entre el 4% y el 8%.…”

Section: Mastitis Agudaunclassified

“…1,2,8,11,14 Otros menos frecuentes son Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coli o Corynebacterium spp. 1,4,8,11,17 Algunos investigadores atribuyen un papel importante al Staphylococcus epidermidis en la etiología de la mastitis; 11,14 sin embargo, estudios bien controlados no encuentran mayor concentración de SCN ni en mastitis 6 ni en casos de dolor crónico del pecho.…”

Section: Agentes Etiológicosunclassified

“…La mastitis es un cuadro frecuente [1][2][3][4] y r e p r e s e n t a u n a i m p o r t a n t e causa de abandono evitable de la lactancia materna. 5 Sin embargo, su etiopatogenia y criterios diagnósticos no están bien definidos.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…5 Sin embargo, su etiopatogenia y criterios diagnósticos no están bien definidos. 2,6,7 En este artículo, se realiza una e v a l u a c i ó n d e l a i n f o r m a c i ó n disponible con objeto de ofrecer una visión actualizada del tema.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Mastitis. Puesta al día

2016

Arch Argent Pediat

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RESUMENLa mastitis es una de las principales causas de abandono evitable de la lactancia materna, con el aumento de la morbimortalidad infantil que ello supone, pero no hay uniformidad en los criterios diagnósticos ni terapéuticos. El diagnóstico de la mastitis aguda es fundamentalmente clínico, y, solo en determinados casos, está indicado el cultivo de leche. El drenaje del pecho es fundamental en el tratamiento, por lo que debe mantenerse la lactancia. Si persisten los síntomas o si existe mucha repercusión clínica, se iniciará la antibioterapia. No hay pruebas suficientes de la etiopatogenia de otros tipos de mastitis (subclínica y subaguda) ni de que sean responsables del dolor mamario o el escaso aumento ponderal del lactante. Tampoco sobre la efectividad de los probióticos en el tratamiento y prevención de la mastitis. El objetivo es realizar una evaluación de la información disponible sobre la clínica, diagnóstico y tratamiento de las mastitis para ofrecer una visión actualizada del tema. Palabras clave: mastitis aguda, mastitis subaguda, probióticos, mastodinia. ABSTRACTMastitis is one of the main causes of avoidable cessation of breastfeeding which increases morbidity in childhood, however, there is no uniformity in diagnostic and therapeutic criteria. The diagnosis of acute mastitis is mainly clinical. Only in certain cases, a milk culture is indicated. Regarding treatment of mastitis, it is fundamental to empty the breast, so breastfeeding should continue. It is recommended to start antibiotic therapy if symptoms persist or if there is considerable clinical impact. There is insufficient evidence of the importance of other types of mastitis (subclinical and subacute). There is also a lack of evidence that these types of mastitis are responsible for breast pain or for low infant weight gain. Furthermore, there is not enough evidence regarding the effectiveness of probiotics in the treatment and prevention of mastitis.The aim of this article is to review the available information related to clinical signs, diagnosis and management of acute mastitis in order to give an updated overview.

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