Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Rumen

Stewart, C. S.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-3522-5_3

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The rumen is the first GIT compartment STEC enters and is mainly colonized by Bacteroidetes (i.e., Prevotella) and Firmicutes ( Ruminococcaceae ), whose main role is to catabolize complex plant polysaccharides [ 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 ]. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB; i.e., lactobacilli, streptococci) constitute a smaller part of the rumen community in forage-fed animals [ 96 ], but are prominent members in early life and in grain-fed animals [ 96 , 97 ], and they have a demonstrated inhibitory effect against STEC (see below). Ciliate protozoa such as Epidinium , Polyplastron and Entodinium digest structural and storage carbohydrates [ 98 ], promote homeostasis by stabilizing the pH in the rumen [ 99 , 100 ], and they can interact with STEC in cooperative and competitive ways (see below).…”

Section: The Native Git Microbiota and Its Interactions With Stecmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Elusive Passenger in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Cattle: The Shiga Toxin Producing Escherichia coli

et al. 2020

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For approximately 10,000 years, cattle have been our major source of meat and dairy. However, cattle are also a major reservoir for dangerous foodborne pathogens that belong to the Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) group. Even though STEC infections in humans are rare, they are often lethal, as treatment options are limited. In cattle, STEC infections are typically asymptomatic and STEC is able to survive and persist in the cattle GIT by escaping the immune defenses of the host. Interactions with members of the native gut microbiota can favor or inhibit its persistence in cattle, but research in this direction is still in its infancy. Diet, temperature and season but also industrialized animal husbandry practices have a profound effect on STEC prevalence and the native gut microbiota composition. Thus, exploring the native cattle gut microbiota in depth, its interactions with STEC and the factors that affect them could offer viable solutions against STEC carriage in cattle.

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Section: The Native Git Microbiota and Its Interactions With Stecmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Elusive Passenger in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Cattle: The Shiga Toxin Producing Escherichia coli

et al. 2020

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“…It is generally accepted that S. bovis is the major bacterial species producing lactate in the rumen, with lactobacilli proliferating only in the most acidic conditions (Stewart, 1992). Therefore, the metabolism of Ba LP is taken to resemble that of S. bovis.…”

Section: Model Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lactate-producing bacteria ferment amylolytic hexose as their sole source of energy. However, they metabolize a varying proportion of fermented hexose to either lactic acid or VFA depending on specific growth rate and rumen pH Stewart, 1992). Therefore, the proportion of hexose fermented to lactate by Ba LP (Y La ) is assumed to increase as specific growth rate increases and as pH declines as follows:…”

Section: Model Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of dynamic modelling in understanding the microbial contribution to rumen function

Dijkstra

Mills

France

2002

NRR

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Mechanistic models of microbial metabolism in the rumen aim at an improved understanding and integration for research purposes or at an improved prediction for practical purposes. The standard way of representing such models is the rate : state formalism. The system is defined by a number of state variables and a set of differential equations describe the change of the state variables with time. Three different types of solution to these dynamic models are distinguished, and examples of these solutions are described to illustrate the applications and contributions of dynamic modelling in the study of the rumen microbial ecosystem. Type I solutions are obtained when the system is in steady state and the differential equations are solved by setting the differentials to zero. An application of the type I solution is the indirect approach to quantifying the fibrolytic anaerobic fungi in the rumen. The solutions of the model describing the alternate life cycle of rumen fungi, with its free-swimming dispersal and particle-attached stages, appear to be consistent with ruminal and faecal observations. Type II solutions are obtained when the system is not in steady state but the differential equations can be integrated analytically. An application of this type of solution is the quantification of the growth and growth yield in batch cultures. Such models help to quantify the degradation of substrates in the rumen and to elucidate the interactions between groups of rumen micro-organisms. Type III solutions are obtained when the system is not in steady state and when the differential equations have to be solved numerically. Applications of the type III solutions are the rumen simulation models that describe substrate degradation, endproduct formation and microbial metabolism in an integrated manner. To illustrate this type III solution, a model of lactic acid metabolism in the rumen is defined, and its contribution to understanding of the paths and rates of lactic acid disappearance described. It is essential that the models are based Nutrition Research Reviews (2002), 15, 67-90

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“…Comparing the concentrations of propionate and acetate to propionate ratio between the adapted and unadapted cultures suggest that OEO effect was greater on the Gram-negative bacteria. In the rumen, Gram-positive bacteria generally produce acetate and butyrate, while Gram-negative bacteria generally produce propionate (Stewart, 1992). Gram-positive bacteria are usually more susceptible to EO due to lacking outer membrane compared to Gram-negative bacteria's complex cell wall (Cox et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Rumen Culture Adaptation to Origanum vulgare L. Essential Oil on Rumen Methane and Fermentation

Embaby¹,

Günal²,

AbuGhazaleh³

2019

American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of adding oregano essential oil (OEO) to adapted and unadapted rumen cultures on methane gas (CH4) production and rumen fermentation under in vitro condition. Rumen fluid for culture fermenters was collected from a Holstein cow located in Southern Illinois University farms. The adapted and unadapted rumen cultures were obtained from continuous culture fermenters fed a control diet, or control diet plus OEO at 250 mg day 1 for 10 days. After 10 days of adaptation, the fermenter's contents were incubated in a 24 h gas production experiment. Treatments were unadapted culture, unadapted culture plus OEO, adapted culture and adapted culture plus OEO. The OEO was added to rumen cultures at the rate of 500 mg L 1 . After 24-h of incubation, total gas production decreased (p<0.03) with the addition of OEO in both cultures and total gas production tended to be lower when added to the adapted cultures. As a percentage of total gas, CH4 production decreased (p<0.05) with OEO addition only in the adapted cultures. Total VFA and acetate concentrations were lower (p<0.05) in the adapted than unadapted cultures and their concentrations decreased (p<0.05) with the addition of OEO, particularly when added to the adapted cultures. Propionate concentrations were also lower (p<0.05) in the adapted than the unadapted cultures and concentrations decreased (p<0.05) with the addition of OEO. The greater effect of OEO on CH4 production in the adapted cultures might have resulted from lower microbial fermentation activity which also might have caused a shift in microbial fermentation favoring less CH4 formation in these cultures.

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Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Rumen

Cited by 15 publications

References 48 publications

An Overview of the Elusive Passenger in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Cattle: The Shiga Toxin Producing Escherichia coli

An Overview of the Elusive Passenger in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Cattle: The Shiga Toxin Producing Escherichia coli

The role of dynamic modelling in understanding the microbial contribution to rumen function

Effect of Rumen Culture Adaptation to Origanum vulgare L. Essential Oil on Rumen Methane and Fermentation

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