Lactic Acid Bacteria: Review on the Potential Delivery System as an Effective Probiotic

Abstract

Lactic acid bacteria are gram-positive microorganisms that are characterized by the production of lactic acid as a key fermentation product. LAB, specifically Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, are essential dairy starter cultures for the manufacture of several fermented dairy products such as yogurt. Some LAB are useful microorganisms and are well known to have probiotic effects to provide foods with unique sensory qualities such as aroma and taste. Probiotic strains help to strengthen the human immune system, increasing the body’s resistance to diseases. Additionally, probiotics and postbiotics improve gut microbiome balance and prevent health issues. Postbiotics are substances that are produced by microbes’ metabolic activities and have a positive impact on diseases, either directly or indirectly. Extensive research has shown that postbiotics possess immunomodulatory and significant clinical effects. Their use has been found to enhance general health and alleviate symptoms of various disorders in healthy individuals. Furthermore, postbiotics exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Therefore, this chapter presents an overview and the importance of LAB as a probiotic and its importance to human health, metabolic fermentation, and antioxidant potential. The review also discusses different biotechnological methods that improve the survival rate of probiotics during processing and GIT transit like microbial encapsulation.

A review and comparative perspective on health benefits of probiotic and fermented foods

“…(2000) found that adding Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (HN001, DR20), Lactobacillus acidophilus (HN017), Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 and B. lactis (HN019, DR10) strains to the diet improved various measures of both acquired immunity and natural immunity. Probiotics may influence the maturation of immune cells and their products not only in the gut but also in systemic immunological organs like the lymph node and spleen, resulting in tumour inhibition and these suggest that probiotics could be useful dietary supplements against neoplastic susceptibility due to their wide influence on the host's local and systemic immune mechanisms (Yu & Li, 2016; Yeboah et al ., 2023).…”

“…Throughout human life, the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) acts as a reservoir for a diverse range of microorganisms, predominantly bacteria, known as gut microbiota. These microorganisms have a significant impact on the host's health and well‐being through periods of homeostasis and illness (Yeboah et al ., 2023). Consuming probiotics can aid in preserving an individual's overall health and wellness, particularly in those who are already in good health.…”