Lactobacillus acidophilus modulates intestinal pain and induces opioid and cannabinoid receptors

“…They also have the potential to modulate pain perception. Lactobacillus acidophilus has been reported to modulate expression of cannabinoid receptors and reduce abdominal pain in rodents (Rousseaux et al, 2007).…”

Section: Microbiota and Humoral Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbes, Immunity, and Behavior: Psychoneuroimmunology Meets the Microbiome

Dinan

Cryan

2016

Neuropsychopharmacol

201

121

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There is now a large volume of evidence to support the view that the immune system is a key communication pathway between the gut and brain, which plays an important role in stress-related psychopathologies and thus provides a potentially fruitful target for psychotropic intervention. The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem with a diverse range of organisms and a sophisticated genomic structure. Bacteria within the gut are estimated to weigh in excess of 1 kg in the adult human and the microbes within not only produce antimicrobial peptides, short chain fatty acids, and vitamins, but also most of the common neurotransmitters found in the human brain. That the microbial content of the gut plays a key role in immune development is now beyond doubt. Early disruption of the host-microbe interplay can have lifelong consequences, not just in terms of intestinal function but in distal organs including the brain. It is clear that the immune system and nervous system are in continuous communication in order to maintain a state of homeostasis. Significant gaps in knowledge remain about the effect of the gut microbiota in coordinating the immune-nervous systems dialogue. However, studies using germ-free animals, infective models, prebiotics, probiotics, and antibiotics have increased our understanding of the interplay. Early life stress can have a lifelong impact on the microbial content of the intestine and permanently alter immune functioning. That early life stress can also impact adult psychopathology has long been appreciated in psychiatry. The challenge now is to fully decipher the molecular mechanisms that link the gut microbiota, immune, and central nervous systems in a network of communication that impacts behavior patterns and psychopathology, to eventually translate these findings to the human situation both in health and disease. Even at this juncture, there is evidence to pinpoint key sites of communication where gut microbial interventions either with drugs or diet or perhaps fecal microbiota transplantation may positively impact mental health.

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“…Oral probiotic preparations aimed at restoring the " healthy commensal biota balance " have been met with much enthusiasm by IBS patients, and studies have shown Lactobacilli and Bifi dobacteria preparations both modulate immune function and improve IBS symptoms ( 21 -23 ). Furthermore, rectal infusion of bacteria, particularly the Lactobacillus strains, also induces analgesic eff ects, possibly due to upregulation of μ -opioid receptors on epithelial cells rather than direct actions on GI nerves ( 24,25 ). Recent studies indicate that treatment with a nonabsorbable broad spectrum antibiotic provided relief for IBS-D patients ( 26,27 ).…”

Section: Role Of Microbiota In Ibsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Activation in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Can Neuroimmune Interactions Explain Symptoms?

Hughes

Zola

et al. 2013

American Journal of Gastroenterology

133

117

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Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional disorder of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract characterized by pain or discomfort from the lower abdominal region, which is associated with altered bowel habit. Despite its prevalence, there is currently a lack of effective treatment options for patients. IBS has long been considered as a neurological condition resulting from alterations in the brain gut axis, but immunological alterations are increasingly reported in IBS patients, consistent with the hypothesis that there is a chronic, but low-grade, immune activation. Mediators released by immune cells act to either dampen or amplify the activity of GI nerves. Release of a number of these mediators correlates with symptoms of IBS, highlighting the importance of interactions between the immune and the nervous systems. Investigation of the role of microbiota in these interactions is in its early stages, but may provide many answers regarding the mechanisms underlying activation of the immune system in IBS. Identifying what the key changes in the GI immune system are in IBS and how these changes modulate viscerosensory nervous function is essential for the development of novel therapies for the underlying disorder.

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Lactobacillus acidophilus modulates intestinal pain and induces opioid and cannabinoid receptors

Cited by 696 publications

References 15 publications

Effects of multispecies probiotic supplementation on intestinal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome

Effects of multispecies probiotic supplementation on intestinal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome

Microbes, Immunity, and Behavior: Psychoneuroimmunology Meets the Microbiome

Immune Activation in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Can Neuroimmune Interactions Explain Symptoms?

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