Lactobacillus crispatus modulates epithelial cell defense against Candida albicans through Toll-like receptors 2 and 4, interleukin 8 and human β-defensins 2 and 3

Reconstructed Human Epidermis Predicts Barrier-Improving Effects of <b><i>Lactococcus lactis</i></b> Emulsion in Humans

“…The increased expression (Fig. 1e) following Lactococcus is well in accordance with the increase induced by other gram-positive bacteria like S. epidermidis [8] and L. crispatus [9]. Human β-defensin-2 inhibits S. aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes , and C. albicans [44].…”

“…Lipopeptides of gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococcus epidermidis and Lactobacillus crispatus stimulate human β-defensin-2 expression via toll-like receptor-2 activation [8, 9]. The frequent Staphylococcus aureus colonization of atopic skin demonstrates the detrimental effect of reduced human β-defensin-2 secretion [10].…”

Lactobacillus crispatus mediates anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 induction in response to Chlamydia trachomatis infection in vitro

“…The pro-and antiinflammatory cytokines and other stress-related signal molecules play a vital role in maintaining the homeostasis of immune and inflammatory responses. Recent studies suggest that some lactobacilli can elicit an anti-inflammatory response (Kotzamanidis et al, 2010), and in previous experiments we showed that L. crispatus modulated the host pro-inflammatory responses against Candida albicans (Rizzo et al, 2013a).…”

The role of pattern recognition receptors in the innate recognition ofCandida albicans

“…For example, a recent report revealed that Lactobacillus crispatus modulates epithelial cell defense against C. albicans through TLR2 and TLR4, IL-8 and human b-defensins 2 and 3. 194 It can be inferred that more in-vivo studies with the consideration of microbiota on mucosa will shed new insights into the interaction between C. albicans and host immunity. Thirdly, some studies have opened a door to study the collaborations/coordinations among PRRs, while more in-vivo studies are needed to provide more meaningful information.…”