Lactobacillus mediates the expression of NPC1L1, CYP7A1, and ABCG5 genes to regulate cholesterol

Han

et al. 2022

Foods

Self Cite

This paper reviews the effects of domestic and foreign influences on the substance metabolism pathways and the flavor and flora of LAB in fermented meat products to provide a new theoretical basis for developing new products for the industrial application of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in fermented meat products. LAB are extensively used among commonly fermented ingredients, such as fermented meat products and yogurt. As fermenting agents, LAB metabolize proteins, lipids, and glycogen in meat products through their enzyme system, which affects the tricarboxylic acid cycle, fatty acid metabolism, amino acid decomposition, and other metabolic processes, and decompose biological macromolecules into small molecules, adding a special flavor with a certain functionality to the final product. Metabolites of LAB in the fermentation process also exert nitrite degradation, as well as antibacterial and antioxidant functions, which improve the physical and chemical qualities of fermented meat products. While fermenting meat products, LAB not only add unique flavor substances to the products, but also improve the safety profile of fermented foods.

Section: Effects Of Lab On Substance Metabolism and The Flavor Of Fer...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Potential Of Lab In Cholesterol Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Update on the Impact of Lactic Acid Bacteria on the Substance Metabolism, Flavor, and Quality Characteristics of Fermented Meat Products

Han

et al. 2022

Foods

Self Cite

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

“…LDLR is the primary receptor for cholesterol on peripheral cells and mediates its uptake from the circulation ( 11 , 31 ), and is a transcriptional target of SREBP2. The endocytosis of LDL-derived cholesteryl esters is followed by metabolism through the endolysin system, eventually liberating cholesterol ( 11 , 32 ). PCSK9 is one of the nine proprotein convertases of the secreted serine protease family and binds to LDLR ( 11 , 32 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arachidonic acid is associated with dyslipidemia and cholesterol-related lipoprotein metabolism signatures

Wang²,

Yu³

et al. 2022

IntroductionAbnormal lipoprotein metabolism is associated with a variety of diseases, cardiovascular disease in particular. Free fatty acids (FAs) and triglycerides (TGs) are the principal lipid species in adipocytes and are the major components of lipoproteins. However, in routine clinical laboratory testing, only the total plasma concentrations of FAs and TGs are typically measured.MethodsWe collected 965 individuals with hyperlipidemia plasma and clinical characteristics; high-throughput metabolomics permits the accurate qualitative and quantitative assessment of a variety of specific FAs and TGs and their association with lipoproteins; through regression analysis, the correlation between multiple metabolites and routine measured lipid parameters was found. Mice were fed a diet containing AA, and the concentrations of TC and TG in the plasma of mice were detected by enzyme method, western blot and qRT-PCR detected the protein and mRNA levels of cholesterol synthesis and metabolism in mice.ResultUsing LC-MS/MS identified eight free FA and 27 TG species in plasma samples, the plasma concentrations of free arachidonic acid (AA) and AA-enriched TG species were significantly associated with the plasma low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, apolipoprotein B (ApoB), and total cholesterol (TC) concentrations after adjustment for age, sex, the use of lipid-lowering therapy, and body mass index. AA-rich diet significantly increased the plasma concentrations of TC and ApoB and the liver expression of ApoB protein and reduced the protein expression of ATP binding cassette subfamily G members 5 and 8 in mice.DiscussionIn this study, it was clarified that the plasma concentrations of free AA- and AA-enriched TG species were significantly associated with the plasma low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, ApoB, and TC concentrations in individuals with hyperlipidemia, and it was verified that AA could increase the plasma TC level in mice. Taken together, these findings suggest a potential role of AA in the regulation of plasma cholesterol and lipoprotein concentrations.

Redox Experimental Medicine

“…Only a light, yet statistically significant, reduction (by 10.4%) of 27OHC absolute plasma level was reported (Cicolari et al 2021). Still recently, Lactobacillus was reported to markedly upregulate both the NPCL1 and the ABCG5 membrane transporters at the enterocytic level (Cao et al 2021). Related to this, in a previous study on patients with moderately high LDL cholesterol, 4 weeks' treatment with ezetimibe (a selective inhibitor of the gut transporter NPCL1) led to a marked reduction (by 66%) of the serum level of the highly toxic 7βOHC.…”

Section: Microbiota-mediated Contribution To the Intestinal Absorptio...mentioning

confidence: 93%

High cholesterol diet, oxysterols and their impact on the gut–brain axis

Poli

Iaia

Leoni

et al. 2022

In a Western or Westernized diet, the abundant cholesterol is invariably associated with the presence of biochemically reactive oxysterols, the amount of which mainly depends upon the autoxidation degree of cholesterol itself, during food harvesting, production and storage. Oxysterols, in the average amount and composition detected in a high-cholesterol diet, display remarkable pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects on the gut epithelium. Moreover, in a low micromolar range, they may change the physiological level and membrane localization of tight junctions of the intestinal epithelial barrier, which then become leaky and permeable to microbiota. This combination of toxic effects possibly exerted by dietary oxysterols likely contributes to the impairment of the microbiota–gut–brain axis, through both direct and indirect mechanisms hereby reviewed. Importantly, dietary oxysterols are absorbed like cholesterol and circulate in the bloodstream, mainly within LDLs, rendering these micelles more oxidized and dangerous. Last but not the least, dietary oxysterols may deeply interfere with correct gut–brain signalling because of the redox pathways they are hyper-regulating and sustaining. In conclusion, protective dietary measures should be adopted, including restricted consumption of cholesterol-rich food and reduction of cholesterol autoxidation in food production and storage, for instance by supplementation of food with flavonoids and/or other bioactive substances with strong anti-oxysterol properties.