Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. argentoratensis subsp. nov., isolated from vegetable matrices

Abstract

Lactobacillus plantarum belongs to the Lactobacillus caseiPediococcus phylogenetic group of the genus Lactobacillus (Hammes & Vogel, 1995) and in particular to the L. plantarum phylogenetic subgroup (Hammes & Hertel, 2003). This species is characterized by many metabolic activities that allow it to colonize different environments such as dairy products, pickled vegetables, fish products, silage, wine as well as mammal intestinal tracts (Vescovo et al., 1993). The species is highly heterogeneous (Dellaglio et al., 1975). Several studies, which have tried to elucidate intraspecific relationships, led to the description of two novel species: Lactobacillus pentosus and Lactobacillus paraplantarum (Zanoni et al., 1987;Curk et al., 1996). These three closely related species cannot be distinguished by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis because they show 99 % sequence similarity. They also have very similar fermentation abilities: L. pentosus can be differentiated from L. plantarum only by its capacity to ferment glycerol and xylose (Zanoni et al., 1987). Some exceptions, however, exist: some L. plantarum strains are able to metabolize glycerol as with L. pentosus and not all L. pentosus strains can metabolize xylose . Fermentation differences between L. plantarum and L. paraplantarum are even less helpful: the main difference is that strains of the latter species metabolize methyl a-D-glucopyranoside, whereas 66 % of L. plantarum strains cannot .With regard to molecular techniques, L. plantarum, L. pentosus and L. paraplantarum can be rapidly distinguished using PCR amplification targeting the 16S/23S rRNA gene spacer region (Berthier & Ehrlich, 1998) or the recA gene as described by Torriani et al. (2001). Moreover, a polyphasic approach with a combination of RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA)-PCR, Southern hybridization and phenotypic traits not only distinguished the three species L. plantarum, L. paraplantarum and L. pentosus, but also revealed the presence of two groups of strains in the species L. plantarum (Bringel et al., 2001): 90 % of these were closely linked to the L. plantarum type strain, ATCC 14917 T , and 10 % (14 strains) formed a distinct group. We report here the analyses performed on those 14 'atypical' strains and, on the basis of collected data, a novel subspecies of L. plantarum is proposed.

Phylogenetic study of Lactobacillus acidophilus group, L. casei group and L. plantarum group based on partial hsp60, pheS and tuf gene sequences

“…Lactobacillus plantarum group include L. plantarum, L. pentosus and L. paraplantarum. These three closely related species have very similar fermentation abilities and cannot be distinguished by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis because they show 99 % sequence similarity [26]. In view of its demonstrated effectiveness, sequence analysis of protein coding genes as alternative phylogenetic markers was applied to difference L. plantarum group.…”

Molecular characterization of lactic acid bacteria recovered from natural fermentation of beet root and carrot Kanji

“…2) [15]. Hence 16S rDNA analysis by sequencing or restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the LAB strains can at the most indicate, only a belonging to the L. plantarum group, but not to a defi nite species.…”

“…As a slowly diverging molecule, 16S rRNA is not able to reveal signifi cant differences among recently diverged species such as L. plantarum, L. paraplantarum and L. pentosus, or L. casei, L. rhamnosus and L. zeae [16]. To obtain a more detailed identifi cation, at species level, analysis of recA gene was undertaken, which has been described as a phylogenetic marker capable of differentiating the closely related members of the L. plantarum group [14,15,17]. The nested multiplex assay exploiting the variable nucleotide regions of recA gene proposed by Torriani et al [14] revealed that 13 LAB strains which exhibited the 107 bp amplicon were of L. paraplantarum species whereas the remaining three LAB strains which showed 218 bp amplicon belonged to L. pentosus species.…”

Viability of Lactobacillus paraplantarum DSM 14485 in human gastrointestinal tract and its molecular and biochemical identification after fermented vegetable consumption

“…To fingerprint isolated strains, multiplex-PCR, rep-PCR and RAPD-PCR-analysis were obtained as useful methods (Bringel et al 2005, Mäkimattila et al 2011, Parente et al 2010) so as Torriani et al (2001a) used combination of RAPD-PCR patterns with ALFP effectively in differentiation strains of Lb. plantarum-group.…”