Lactobacillus reuteri protects mice against Salmonella typhimurium challenge by activating macrophages to produce nitric oxide

Jiang, Pingping; Yang, Wentao; Jin, Yu-Bei; Huang, Haibin; Shi, Chunwei; Jiang, Yanlong; Wang, Jianzhong; Kang, Yuan-Huan; Wang, Chunfeng; Yang, Guilian

doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103754

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The ability to reduce, but not abrogate, iNOS activity would benefit the long-term survival of S. Typhi in the gallbladder and fits emerging models for the transition from Th1 to Th2 immunity characteristic of chronic S. Typhi infections [57][58][59][60]. Although several studies have demonstrated NO to be a potent and early defense mechanism to many intracellular infections [54][55][56][61][62][63], the global stationary-phase regulator rpoS confers S. Typhi with a high degree of resistance [55], and a recent study [64] of persistent Salmonella found abundant expression of genes for the sensing and detoxification of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) even when the bacteria were in a dormant state. The S. Typhi used in our study is rpoS + and therefore was expected to be resistant to NO.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Dendritic cells and macrophages generate NO via the upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) [54][55][56], which is positively stimulated by the pro-inflammatory mediators interleukin-12, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α as well as bacterial pathogen-associated molecular patterns [54]. Given the early interaction of dendritic cells and macrophages with planktonic S. Typhi and the continued presence of both cell types (planktonic and biofilm) during chronic infection [57], it would be beneficial for the pathogen to limit iNOS activity during the acute and chronic stages of disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Salmonella Extracellular Polymeric Substances Modulate Innate Phagocyte Activity and Enhance Tolerance of Biofilm-Associated Bacteria to Oxidative Stress

Hahn

2020

Microorganisms

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Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi causes 14.3 million acute cases of typhoid fever that are responsible for 136,000 deaths each year. Chronic infections occur in 3%-5% of those infected and S. Typhi persists primarily in the gallbladder by forming biofilms on cholesterol gallstones, but how these bacterial communities evade host immunity is not known. Salmonella biofilms produce several extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) during chronic infection, which are hypothesized to prevent pathogen clearance either by protecting biofilm-associated bacteria from direct humoral attack or by modulating innate phagocyte interaction with biofilms. Using wild-type and EPS-deficient planktonic and biofilm Salmonella, the direct attack hypothesis was tested by challenging biofilms with human serum and antimicrobial peptides. Biofilms were found to be tolerant to these molecules, but these phenotypes were independent of the tested EPSs. By examining macrophage and neutrophil responses, new roles for biofilm-associated capsular polysaccharides and slime polysaccharides were identified. The S. Typhi Vi antigen was found to modulate innate immunity by reducing macrophage nitric oxide production and neutrophil reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The slime polysaccharides colanic acid and cellulose were found to be immune-stimulating and represent a key difference between non-typhoidal serovars and typhoidal serovars, which do not express colanic acid. Furthermore, biofilm tolerance to the exogenously-supplied ROS intermediates hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and hypochlorite (ClO − ) indicated an additional role of the capsular polysaccharides for both serovars in recalcitrance to H 2 O 2 but not ClO − , providing new understanding of the stalemate that arises during chronic infections and offering new directions for mechanistic and clinical studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella Extracellular Polymeric Substances Modulate Innate Phagocyte Activity and Enhance Tolerance of Biofilm-Associated Bacteria to Oxidative Stress

Hahn

2020

Microorganisms

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“…Research has shown that the length of the colon decreased with inflammation. Hence, colon length could be used as an indicator of inflammation [ 21 ]. As shown in Figure 4 E,F, the length of the colon in the cisplatin group was significantly shorter than that in the control group, whereas the LCs-pretreated group significantly prevented the decrease in the colon length as compared with the cisplatin group ( p < 0.05).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…L. reuteri and C. butyricum probiotic strains, which were studied in this work, were selected on the basis of the abundance of gut microbiota in a cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity model during D-methionine coadministration [ 5 ]. In addition, both strains provided beneficial nutrients to the host [ 20 ] and they have shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in the intestine [ 11 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Administration of Lactobacillus reuteri Combined with Clostridium butyricum Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Renal Damage by Gut Microbiota Reconstitution, Increasing Butyric Acid Production, and Suppressing Renal Inflammation

et al. 2021

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Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity is associated with gut microbiota disturbance. The present study aimed to investigate whether supplementation of Lactobacillus reuteri and Clostridium butyricum (LCs) had a protective effect on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity through reconstruction of gut microbiota. Wistar rats were given different treatments: control, cisplatin (Cis), cisplatin + C. butyricum and L. reuteri (Cis+LCs), and C. butyricum and L. reuteri (LCs). We observed that cisplatin-treated rats supplemented with LCs exhibited significantly decreased renal inflammation (KIM-1, F4/80, and MPO), oxidative stress, fibrosis (collagen IV, fibronectin, and a-SMA), apoptosis, concentration of blood endotoxin and indoxyl sulfate, and increased fecal butyric acid production compared with those without supplementation. In addition, LCs improved the cisplatin-induced microbiome dysbiosis by maintaining a healthy gut microbiota structure and diversity; depleting Escherichia-Shigella and the Enterobacteriaceae family; and enriching probiotic Bifidobacterium, Ruminococcaceae, Ruminiclostridium_9, and Oscillibacter. Moreover, the LCs intervention alleviated the cisplatin-induced intestinal epithelial barrier impairment. This study indicated LCs probiotic serves as a mediator of the gut–kidney axis in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity to restore the intestinal microbiota composition, thereby suppressing uremic toxin production and enhancing butyrate production. Furthermore, the renoprotective effect of LCs is partially mediated by increasing the anti-inflammatory effects and maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier.

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“…It stimulates the mucosal gut barrier function well, produces antimicrobial substances (such as reuterin and lactic acid), and influences the local acquired and innate immune response [ 46 , 47 , 57 , 58 ]. It improves antibiotic related-diarrhea and infectious diarrhea, inhibiting the growth of rotavirus in infants, and the growth of E. coli , Salmonella, Clostridium difficile, and Campylobacter jejuni in vitro and in vivo studies [ 23 , 30 , 58 , 59 , 60 ]. Moreover, L. reuteri survives gastric and bile juice and restores intestinal epithelial cell morphology after damages caused by pathogens [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactobacillus Reuteri DSM 17938 (Limosilactobacillus reuteri) in Diarrhea and Constipation: Two Sides of the Same Coin?

et al. 2021

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Background and Objectives: Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (L. reuteri) is a probiotic that can colonize different human body sites, including primarily the gastrointestinal tract, but also the urinary tract, the skin, and breast milk. Literature data showed that the administration of L. reuteri can be beneficial to human health. The aim of this review was to summarize current knowledge on the role of L. reuteri in the management of gastrointestinal symptoms, abdominal pain, diarrhea and constipation, both in adults and children, which are frequent reasons for admission to the emergency department (ED), in order to promote the best selection of probiotic type in the treatment of these uncomfortable and common symptoms. Materials and Methods: We searched articles on PubMed® from January 2011 to January 2021. Results: Numerous clinical studies suggested that L. reuteri may be helpful in modulating gut microbiota, eliminating infections, and attenuating the gastrointestinal symptoms of enteric colitis, antibiotic-associated diarrhea (also related to the treatment of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection), irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and chronic constipation. In both children and in adults, L. reuteri shortens the duration of acute infectious diarrhea and improves abdominal pain in patients with colitis or inflammatory bowel disease. It can ameliorate dyspepsia and symptoms of gastritis in patients with HP infection. Moreover, it improves gut motility and chronic constipation. Conclusion: Currently, probiotics are widely used to prevent and treat numerous gastrointestinal disorders. In our opinion, L. reuteri meets all the requirements to be considered a safe, well-tolerated, and efficacious probiotic that is able to contribute to the beneficial effects on gut-human health, preventing and treating many gastrointestinal symptoms, and speeding up the recovery and discharge of patients accessing the emergency department.

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Lactobacillus reuteri protects mice against Salmonella typhimurium challenge by activating macrophages to produce nitric oxide

Cited by 20 publications

References 35 publications

Salmonella Extracellular Polymeric Substances Modulate Innate Phagocyte Activity and Enhance Tolerance of Biofilm-Associated Bacteria to Oxidative Stress

Salmonella Extracellular Polymeric Substances Modulate Innate Phagocyte Activity and Enhance Tolerance of Biofilm-Associated Bacteria to Oxidative Stress

Administration of Lactobacillus reuteri Combined with Clostridium butyricum Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Renal Damage by Gut Microbiota Reconstitution, Increasing Butyric Acid Production, and Suppressing Renal Inflammation

Lactobacillus Reuteri DSM 17938 (Limosilactobacillus reuteri) in Diarrhea and Constipation: Two Sides of the Same Coin?

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