Lactobacillus rhamnosus L34 Attenuates Gut Translocation-Induced Bacterial Sepsis in Murine Models of Leaky Gut

Abstract

Gastrointestinal (GI) bacterial translocation in sepsis is well known, but the role of species probiotics is still controversial. We evaluated the therapeutic effects of L34 in a new sepsis model of oral administration of pathogenic bacteria with GI leakage induced by either an antibiotic cocktail (ATB) and/or dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). GI leakage with ATB, DSS, and DSS plus ATB (DSS+ATB) was demonstrated by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran translocation to the circulation. The administration of pathogenic bacteria, either or serovar Typhimurium, enhanced translocation. Bacteremia was demonstrated within 24 h in 50 to 88% of mice with GI leakage plus the administration of pathogenic bacteria but not with GI leakage induction alone or bacterial gavage alone. bacteremia was found in only 16 to 29% and 0% of mice with and administrations, respectively. bacteremia was demonstrated in 25 to 33% and 10 to 16% of mice with and administrations, respectively. L34 attenuated GI leakage in these models, as shown by the reductions of FITC-dextran gut translocation, serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, bacteremia, and sepsis mortality. The reduction in the amount of fecal bacteria with treatment was demonstrated. In addition, an anti-inflammatory effect of the conditioned medium from L34 was also demonstrated by the attenuation of cytokine production in colonic epithelial cells In conclusion, L34 attenuated the severity of symptoms in a murine sepsis model induced by GI leakage and the administration of pathogenic bacteria.

Candida Administration Worsens Cecal Ligation and Puncture-Induced Sepsis in Obese Mice Through Gut Dysbiosis Enhanced Systemic Inflammation, Impact of Pathogen-Associated Molecules From Gut Translocation and Saturated Fatty Acid

“…As such, C. albicans induce gut dysbiosis in sepsis (28) and sepsis with obesity (29,30) that might be associated with gut leakage (31). In addition, gut leakage in obesity (11), and sepsis (14) is attenuated by probiotics (32)(33)(34)(35)(36), including Lactobacillus spp. that could interfere with Candida growth (37).…”

Additional Candida albicans administration enhances the severity of dextran sulfate solution induced colitis mouse model through leaky gut-enhanced systemic inflammation and gut-dysbiosis but attenuated by Lactobacillus rhamnosus L34

“…However, the additive effect between E. coli and Candida was demonstrated only with a high dose of Candida (1:10) ( Figure 4a) suggesting a possible dosedependent characteristic. Because we previously demonstrated the in vitro anti-inflammation of Lactobacillus culture media (LCM), 38 we tested LCM in the current model. While LCM showed only a tendency of IL-8 reduction as stimulated by E. coli with or without Candida (Figure 4c), LCM attenuated IL-8 in HT-29 cell incubated with LPS with or without BG (Figure 4d).…”

Screening, Safety Evaluation, and Mechanism of Two Lactobacillus fermentum Strains in Reducing the Translocation of Staphylococcus aureus in the Caco-2 Monolayer Model

“…Level of TNF-α and IL-6 of Caco-2 cells induced by S. aureus was found to be significantly reduced by both L. fermentum NCU3087 and L. fermentum NCU3088, while that of IL-8 was significantly down-regulated by L. fermentum NCU3088 but not by L. fermentum NCU30887. This is similar to the regulatory effect of L. rhamnosus L34, which inhibited the translocation of intestinal pathogens as well as decreased IL-6 level induced by these pathogens, thereby attenuating the sepsis of murine models (Panpetch et al, 2018). In another study, VSL#3 probiotic inhibited infection of enterobacteria and enterococci and attenuated cirrhosis in rats by reducing TNF-α secretion and increasing ileal occludin level (Sánchez et al, 2015).…”