Lactobacillus rhamnosus postbiotic-induced immunomodulation as safer alternative to the use of live bacteria

Salva, Susana; Tiscornia, Inés; Gutiérrez, Florencia; Álvarez, Susana; Bollati-Fogolín, Mariela

doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155631

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…LP postbiotics could improve cell viability and promote cell growth at suitable concentrations. The improved cell viability by postbiotics has been confirmed by a previous study demonstrating that L. rhamnosus inactivated bacteria promoted cell proliferation in intestinal epithelial cells (Salva et al, 2021). However, high concentrations of LP postbiotics showed a reduced trend, and the inhibitory effect of LPC was significantly higher than LPB.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Lactobacillus plantarum postbiotics trigger AMPK‐dependent autophagy to suppress Salmonella intracellular infection and NLRP3 inflammasome activation

Wu¹,

Hu²,

Shu³

et al. 2023

Journal Cellular Physiology

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We previously found that Lactobacillus plantarum (LP)‐derived postbiotics protected animals against Salmonella infection, but the molecular mechanism remains obscure. This study clarified the mechanisms from the perspective of autophagy. Intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC‐J2) were pretreated with LP‐derived postbiotics (the culture supernatant, LPC; or heat‐killed bacteria, LPB), and then challenged with Salmonella enterica Typhimurium (ST). Results showed that LP postbiotics markedly triggered autophagy under ST infection, as indicated by the increased LC3 and Beclin1 and the decreased p62 levels. Meanwhile, LP postbiotics (particularly LPC) exhibited a strong capacity of inhibiting ST adhesion, invasion and replication. Pretreatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA) led to a significant decrease of autophagy and the aggravated infection, indicating the importance of autophagy in LP postbiotics‐mediated Salmonella elimination. LP postbiotics (especially LPB) significantly suppressed ST‐induced inflammation by modulating inflammatory cytokines (the increased interleukin (IL)‐4 and IL‐10, and decreased tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF), IL‐1β, IL‐6 and IL‐18). Furthermore, LP postbiotics inhibited NOD‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, as evidenced by the decreased levels of NLRP3, Caspase‐1 and apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC). Deficits in autophagy resulted in an increase of inflammatory response and inflammasome activation. Finally, we found that both LPC and LPB triggered AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway to induce autophagy, and this was further confirmed by AMPK RNA interference. The intracellular infection and NLRP3 inflammasome were aggravated after AMPK knockdown. In summary, LP postbiotics trigger AMPK‐mediated autophagy to suppress Salmonella intracellular infection and NLRP3 inflammasome in IPEC‐J2 cells. Our findings highlight the effectiveness of postbiotics, and provide a new strategy for preventing Salmonella infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Lactobacillus plantarum postbiotics trigger AMPK‐dependent autophagy to suppress Salmonella intracellular infection and NLRP3 inflammasome activation

Wu¹,

Hu²,

Shu³

et al. 2023

Journal Cellular Physiology

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“…Some postbiotics can competitively bind to receptors for pathogenic bacteria, are able to change the expression of host genes, and modulate host environmental components [ 90 ]. Starting from this paradigm, it is interesting to note that the newer combination of postbiotics and probiotics can efficaciously prevent rotavirus-associated diarrhea [ 91 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Pre- and Probiotics to Post-Biotics: A Narrative Review

Scarpellini

Rinninella

Basilico³

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Background and aims: gut microbiota (GM) is a complex ecosystem containing bacteria, viruses, fungi, and yeasts. It has several functions in the human body ranging from immunomodulation to metabolic. GM derangement is called dysbiosis and is involved in several host diseases. Pre-, probiotics, and symbiotics (PRE-PRO-SYMB) have been extensively developed and studied for GM re-modulation. Herein, we review the literature data regarding the new concept of postbiotics, starting from PRE-PRO-SYMB. Methods: we conducted a search on the main medical databases for original articles, reviews, meta-analyses, randomized clinical trials, and case series using the following keywords and acronyms and their associations: gut microbiota, prebiotics, probiotics, symbiotic, and postbiotics. Results: postbiotics account for PRO components and metabolic products able to beneficially affect host health and GM. The deeper the knowledge about them, the greater their possible uses: the prevention and treatment of atopic, respiratory tract, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Conclusions: better knowledge about postbiotics can be useful for the prevention and treatment of several human body diseases, alone or as an add-on to PRE-PRO-SYMB.

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“…L. rhamnosus is the most studied species of Lactobacillus ( Petrova et al., 2021 ). The peptidoglycan of L. rhamnosus CRL1505 can regulate the immune function of human intestinal epithelial and dendritic cells ( Salva et al., 2021 ). Early exposure to LGG in dogs with AD had long-term immune effects and significantly reduced allergen-specific IgE despite the lack of a clear clinical effect ( Marsella, 2009 ; Marsella et al., 2012 ).…”

Section: Monostrain Lactobacillus In the Treatment...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactobacillus for the treatment and prevention of atopic dermatitis: Clinical and experimental evidence

Xie

Chen

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, accompanied by itching and swelling. The main pathological mechanism of AD is related to the imbalance between Type 2 helper cells (Th2 cells) and Type 1 helper cells (Th1 cells). Currently, no safe and effective means to treat and prevent AD are available; moreover, some treatments have side effects. Probiotics, such as some strains of Lactobacillus, can address these concerns via various pathways: i) facilitating high patient compliance; ii) regulating Th1/Th2 balance, increasing IL-10 secretion, and reducing inflammatory cytokines; iii) accelerating the maturation of the immune system, maintaining intestinal homeostasis, and improving gut microbiota; and iv) improving the symptoms of AD. This review describes the treatment and prevention of AD using 13 species of Lactobacillus. AD is commonly observed in children. Therefore, the review includes a higher proportion of studies on AD in children and fewer in adolescents and adults. However, there are also some strains that do not improve the symptoms of AD and even worsen allergies in children. In addition, a subset of the genus Lactobacillus that can prevent and relieve AD has been identified in vitro. Therefore, future studies should include more in vivo studies and randomized controlled clinical trials. Given the advantages and disadvantages mentioned above, further research in this area is urgently required.

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Lactobacillus rhamnosus postbiotic-induced immunomodulation as safer alternative to the use of live bacteria

Cited by 24 publications

References 39 publications

Lactobacillus plantarum postbiotics trigger AMPK‐dependent autophagy to suppress Salmonella intracellular infection and NLRP3 inflammasome activation

Lactobacillus plantarum postbiotics trigger AMPK‐dependent autophagy to suppress Salmonella intracellular infection and NLRP3 inflammasome activation

From Pre- and Probiotics to Post-Biotics: A Narrative Review

Lactobacillus for the treatment and prevention of atopic dermatitis: Clinical and experimental evidence

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