Lactococcosis a Re-Emerging Disease in Aquaculture: Disease Significant and Phytotherapy

Soltani, Mehdi; Baldisserotto, Bernardo; Shekarabi, Seyed Pezhman Hosseini; Shafiei, Shafigh; Bashiri, Masoumeh

doi:10.3390/vetsci8090181

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…were originally assigned to the Streptococcus genus but have been reclassified over the years through the use of highly sensitive and informative diagnostic tools (Eldar and Ghittino 1999; Vendrell et al 2006). Several important species of the genus Lactococcus with known and emerging clinical consequences in fish have been identified, including L. garvieae , L. plantarum , L. piscium , and L. raffinolactis (Vendrell et al 2006; Soltani et al 2021). In 2014, L. formosensis sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and virulence of Lactococcus garvieae and L. petauri from four lakes in southern California

Abraham,

Yazdi,

Littman

et al. 2023

J Aqua Anim Hlth

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ObjectiveThe first objective of the study aimed to detect the presence of Lactococcus petauri, L. garvieae, and L. formosensis in fish (n = 359) and environmental (n = 161) samples from four lakes near an affected fish farm in California during an outbreak in 2020. The second objective was to compare the virulence of the Lactococcus spp. in Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides.MethodsStandard bacterial culture methods were used to isolate Lactococcus spp. from brain and posterior kidney of sampled fish from the four lakes. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was utilized to detect Lactococcus spp. DNA in fish tissues and environmental samples from the four lakes. Laboratory controlled challenges were conducted by injecting fish intracoelomically with representative isolates of L. petauri (n = 17), L. garvieae (n = 2), or L. formosensis (n = 4), and monitored for 14 days postchallenge (dpc).ResultLactococcus garvieae was isolated from the brains of two Largemouth Bass in one of the lakes. Lactococcus spp. were detected in 14 fish (8 Bluegills Lepomis macrochirus and 6 Largemouth Bass) from 3 out of the 4 lakes using a qPCR assay. Of the collected environmental samples, all 4 lakes tested positive for Lactococcus spp. in the soil samples, while 2 of the 4 lakes tested positive in the water samples through qPCR. Challenged Largemouth Bass did not show any signs of infection postinjection throughout the challenge period. Rainbow Trout infected with L. petauri showed clinical signs within 3 dpc and presented a significantly higher cumulative mortality (62.4%; p < 0.0001) at 14 dpc when compared to L. garvieae (0%) and L. formosensis (7.5%) treatments.ConclusionThe study suggests that qPCR can be used for environmental DNA monitoring of Lactococcus spp. and demonstrates virulence diversity between the etiological agents of piscine lactococcosis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and virulence of Lactococcus garvieae and L. petauri from four lakes in southern California

Abraham,

Yazdi,

Littman

et al. 2023

J Aqua Anim Hlth

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“…Lactococcosis, especially that induced by L. garvieae , represents an important re‐emerging bacterial disease that dramatically affects the aquaculture (Soltani et al, 2021). In Japan, many mortalities caused by bacterial fish pathogens have been recorded in cultured marine fish.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative genome analyses of three serotypes of Lactococcus bacteria isolated from diseased cultured striped jack (Pseudocaranx dentex)

Mahmoud

Abdelsalam

Kawato

et al. 2023

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Lactococcosis, caused by members of the genus Lactococcus, represents a devastating disease inducing mass mortalities and economic losses in many fish species worldwide. The present work aimed to compare the whole genome sequences of three different serotypes of Lactococcus garvieae isolated from diseased cultured striped jack (Pseudocaranx dentex) in Ehime prefecture, Japan. The three serotypes showed different virulence in the challenge test using Japanese amberjack (Seriola quinqueradiata). The genome sequencing revealed that two of the strains (serotype I and serotype III) were identified as L. garvieae, while the third strain (serotype II) was identified as L. formosensis. The chromosome sizes of the three serotypes ranged from 1.9 to 2.0 Mb; the GC content ranges were 38.2 to 38.9%; and the numbers of predicted protein‐coding sequences (CDSs) were from 1922 to 1959. Only the serotype II harbours two plasmids, sizes of around 14 kb and 9 kb. The detected virulence factors varied among the different serotypes with some shared factors like adherence, anti‐phagocytosis, secretion system, toxin (haemolysin), serum resistance, antimicrobial resistance and others. The genomes also contained factors responsible for resistance to toxic compounds. The genome of the serotype III tended to encode more prophage regions than the other serotypes.

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“…Lethargy, loss of appetite, skin discoloration, exophthalmia/corneal opacity, abdominal distention and abnormal behavioral swimming are the most common clinical signs of streptococcosis in infected fish [ 9 , 47 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ]. These clinical signs are not pathognomonic because they are not distinct from lactococcosis caused by Lactococcus garvieae, at least in some high susceptible species such as rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) [ 59 ]. Other occasional macroscopical findings such as skin and fin hemorrhage, dorsal rigidity, vertebral deformity, tachypnoea and subcutaneous edema with ulceration are also reported in various degrees, but mostly in fish infected with S. iniae , S. agalactiae and S. dysgalactiae .…”

Section: The Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcosis a Re-Emerging Disease in Aquaculture: Significance and Phytotherapy

Soltani

Leitão

Shafiei

et al. 2022

Animals

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Streptococcosis, particularly that caused by S. iniae and S. agalactiae, is a major re-emerging bacterial disease seriously affecting the global sustainability of aquaculture development. Despite a wide spread of the disease in aquaculture, few studies have been directed at assessing the in vitro antagonistic activity and in vivo efficacy of medicinal herbs and other plants against streptococcal agents. Most in vitro studies of plant extractives against S. iniae and S. agalactiae have found antibacterial activity, but essential oils, especially those containing eugenol, carvacrol or thymol, are more effective. Although essential oils have shown better anti-streptococcal activity in in vitro assays, in vivo bioassays require more attention. The extracts examined under in vivo conditions show moderate efficacy, increasing the survival rate of infected fish, probably through the enhancement of immunity before challenge bioassays. The available data, however, lack dosage optimization, toxicity and bioavailability assays of a specific plant or its bioactive compound in fish organs; hence, it is difficult to judge the validation of clinical efficacy for the prevention or treatment of fish streptococcosis. Despite the known bioactive compounds of many tested plants, few data are available on their mode of action towards streptococcal agents. This review addresses the efficacy of medicinal plants to fish streptococcosis and discusses the current gaps.

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Lactococcosis a Re-Emerging Disease in Aquaculture: Disease Significant and Phytotherapy

Cited by 28 publications

References 113 publications

Detection and virulence of Lactococcus garvieae and L. petauri from four lakes in southern California

Detection and virulence of Lactococcus garvieae and L. petauri from four lakes in southern California

Comparative genome analyses of three serotypes of Lactococcus bacteria isolated from diseased cultured striped jack (Pseudocaranx dentex)

Streptococcosis a Re-Emerging Disease in Aquaculture: Significance and Phytotherapy

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