Lactulose in Modified Milk Products for Infant Nutrition

Formation and occurrence of lactulose in heated milk

“…They reported that ultra heat treated (UHT) sterilized preparations contained only traces of lactulose and that spray-dried powders typically contained 17 mg/100 ml. In-container sterilized milks were found to contain 55-469 mg/100 ml, which agrees with the values reported by Bernhart et al (1965). The high lactulose content of some of these sterilized milks should certainly have a laxative effect.…”

“…The individual sugars were identified by purifying them and examining their properties in pure solution. Bernhart et al (1965) clarified milk samples with 12% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and then extracted the TCA into ether. The serum was then applied to paper and 80 % isopropanol-water used as solvent in descending flow for 40 h. Standards were developed using 1 % aniline and 1 % diphenylamine in acid solution.…”

“…Ota et al (1982) reported that some trials showed that lactulose inhibits the proliferation of Escherichia coli, and suggested that some foods should be fortified with lactulose. Bernhart et al (1965) determined the lactulose content of milk-based infant feeds. They found that 1-1-5-3% (50-250 mg/100 ml) of the disaccharides of in-container sterilized liquid feeds was lactulose, but that lactulose was present in very low quantities or absent in spray-dried powdered milks.…”

Lysine loss and polymerization of bovine .beta.-lactoglobulin by amino carbonyl reaction with lactulose (4-O-.beta.-D-galactopyranosyl-D-fructose)

“…bohydrate (Berrnhart et al, 1965). When milks for infant feeding were heated before feeding, lactulose was produced in amounts that increased with heating time.…”

Determination of lactulose and soya oligosaccharides in infant formula milk feeds

“…All prepacked liquid feeds were supplied in 100 or 120 ml containers. High lactose feeds sterilized at 120 °C for 20 min (Premium, Osterfeed, SMA and Prematalac) had a consistently high lactulose content of~ 11-4 mmol/1, ~6 0 % higher than previously reported concentrations (Hendrickse et al 1977;Bernhart et al 1965). In contrast, those milks with a lower lactose content sterilized in the same way (Ostermilk, SMA Low Birth Weight, Nenatal) contained proportionately less lactulose and the ultra heat treatment (140 °C for a few seconds) used by Milupa for their products Aptamil and Milumil (plastic bottle variety only) resulted in very little conversion of lactose to lactulose.…”