Lake level oscillations recorded in Buracica Stage (Barremian, Early Cretaceous) of Recôncavo Basin, Bahia State (N.E. Brazil)

Abstract

This work studies the Buracica Stage (Barremian, Early Cretaceous) in the Recôncavo Basin, Bahia State (N.E. Brazil), comprising the São Sebastião and Pojuca formations, from the analysis of 143 well logs and outcrop records. The Recôncavo Basin is a rift basin associated with the beginning of the South Atlantic Ocean. The basin started with very slow subsidence rates, leading to the formation of shallow lakes and the deposition of shales and sandstones, which compose the Brotas Group; later, subsidence accelerated and gave rise to the formation of a deep lake. Then the deep lake basin was filled throughout six depositional episodes making up the so-called Recôncavo tectonic sequence. Previous studies divided the last depositional event of Recôncavo Basin into seven fourth-order sequences concerning the Marker Bed "1" to the Marker Bed "F" stratigraphic interval. Sequence boundaries were marked by sharp flooding surfaces related to the transgression of lacustrine system due to rapid tectonic subsidence and generation of accommodation. In turn, the sequences are divided into three systems tracts: the lake lowstand systems tract, the transgressive systems tract and the lake highstand systems tract. The maximum flood surface of the sequences generally coincides with the stratigraphic marker "B" to "F". Depositional systems like braided-fluvial plus eolian dunes, meandering-fluvial, deltaic, or moving-lake and near-shore deposits were identified in this work. Isopach, isolith and sand percentage maps indicate depocentre and source area distribution like the previous Aratu Stage. The primary sources of the sediments are located in the west and north areas; only from the third sequence, an eastern source could be described conspicuously. The fourth-order cyclicity is controlled by lake level changes, related to climatic factors (Milankovitch cycles). The results from the studies of cyclicity confirm the proposed stratigraphic model. They indicate 43,000 years for each fourth-order sequence and 150,000 years for the third-order sequences, which provide an accumulation rate of 1200 mm per 1000 years for the studied interval.