Lake resident and migratory smelt, <i>Retropinna retropinna</i> (Richardson), of the lower Waikato River system, New Zealand

Northcote, T. G.; Ward, F. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1985.tb04014.x

Cited by 36 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Galaxias gracilis, a New Zealand lacustrine species derived from G. macufutus, possesses fewer dorsal and anal rays and more gill rakers than G. maculutus (McDowall 1978). Lake resident smelt, Retropinna retropinna, in New Zealand have also been shown to have more gill rakers than migratory smelt (Northcote & Ward 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Morphological variation in diadromous and landlocked populations of the spotted galaxias, Galaxias truttaceus, in Tasmania, south-eastern Australia

Humphries

1990

Environ Biol Fish

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A comparison of a suite of morphometric measurements and meristic counts of individuals of two landlocked lacustrine and two diadromous riverine populations of Galaxias truttaceus was carried out utilising both univariate and canonical variate analyses. Lacustrine fish had fewer dorsal and anal fin rays than did riverine fish. Differences were not as clear for gill rakers and vertebrae. Comparisons of serial counts were made with two derived lacustrine species, G. auratus and G. tanycephalus, also from Tasmania. Lacustrine G. truttacew varied in the same direction as the derived species, relative to riverine G. truttaceus. From an analysis of 12 body measurements, the first canonical variate clearly separated lacustrine fish from riverine fish largely based on measurements associated with fins (pre-anal fin length, length of anal base, pre-dorsal fin length, maximum length of dorsal fin and inter-orbital width). An overall value for the correct classification of fish into groups based on locality was 84%. The percentage of fish classified into the wrong habitat (lake or stream) was much less than the percentage classified between localities within habitats. Overall morphological variation was greater between than within habitats. It is suggested that the differences in water movement and food type may in part account for the differences shown and that selective pressures peculiar to the lacustrine environment may be causing the lake populations to diverge from the riverine populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Morphological variation in diadromous and landlocked populations of the spotted galaxias, Galaxias truttaceus, in Tasmania, south-eastern Australia

Humphries

1990

Environ Biol Fish

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“…The breeding biology of Stokell's smelt corresponds closely to that of common smelt. Both species have demersal eggs (McMillan 1961 ;Stephens 1983), and in terms of fecundity and egg diameter, Stokell's smelt are intermediate between those reported for anadromous and lacustrine common smelt (Jolly 1967;Northcote & Ward 1985). The extended spawning season described for Stokell's smelt also seems to be a feature of both anadromous and lacustrine common smelt stocks, which apparently can reach full maturity and spawn over long periods (Jolly 1967;Stephens 1983;Northcote & Ward 1985;Ward et al 1989).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and freshwater residence of Stokell's smelt,Stokellia anisodon(Stokell), in the South Island, New Zealand

Bonnett¹

1992

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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Stokell's smelt are restricted to some rivers on the east coast of the South Island, New Zealand, mainly in the Canterbury region. Migrations of Stokell's smelt into fresh water occur mostly from October to March. Analysis of samples taken from the Rakaia River at intervals during this period suggests that there are successive migrations of maturing fish, which continue to develop sexually during freshwater residence. The duration of residence could not be determined, but the presence of females containing relatively small eggs implies that some smeltremain in fresh water for weeks, or even months. Spawning occurs throughout the season, as ripe and spent fish were found in all the samples examined.

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“…1). Studies have shown declines in diadromous species (smelt, Retropinna retropinna: Northcote & Ward 1985) while fisheries have been reduced (eels, Anguillaspp.) or eliminated (mull<zt,Mugil cephalus) (R. Tecklenburg, pers.comm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swimming performances of some native freshwater fishes

Mitchell¹

1989

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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Observations were made of the response to water velocity for upstream migrating juveniles of 5 diadromous native fishes (Anguilla auslralis, Galaxiasmaculatus,Galaxiasfasciatus,Retropinna relropinna, Gobiomorphus colidianus). Swimming performance within a hydraulic flume was measured and observations made of the behavioural adaptions of some species to swim through high water velocities. Timed swimming at known water velocities allowed estimation of critical velocities for fish passage. For juvenile fishes (30-80 mm total length), velocities below 0.3 m s -1 should allow unrestricted passage over obstacles less than 15 m in length. Water velocities below 0.25 m s -1 may be necessary for obstacles over 15m. Field observations otMugil cephalus corresponded with limited flume data, suggesting this species is a less vigorous swimmer: water velocities below 0.15 m s -1 would allow its passage over obstacles less than 5 m in length whereas longer obstacles, without resting areas of static water, may require velocities as low as 0.05 m s -1 for M. cephalus.

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Lake resident and migratory smelt, Retropinna retropinna (Richardson), of the lower Waikato River system, New Zealand

Cited by 36 publications

References 9 publications

Morphological variation in diadromous and landlocked populations of the spotted galaxias, Galaxias truttaceus, in Tasmania, south-eastern Australia

Morphological variation in diadromous and landlocked populations of the spotted galaxias, Galaxias truttaceus, in Tasmania, south-eastern Australia

Distribution and freshwater residence of Stokell's smelt,Stokellia anisodon(Stokell), in the South Island, New Zealand

Swimming performances of some native freshwater fishes

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