Lake stratification in the Brazilian Amazon: Types and the first description of permanent meromixia

Aprile, Fabio; Darwich, Assad

doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104224

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The hydrological cycle in association with climate patterns regulates the transport and volume of organic and inorganic materials to surface waters. The supply of these components to the aquatic system comes from the geological unit, its basement and pedological characteristics [2][3], as well as from the direct interference of biogeochemical cycles interrelated to forest biomass. From this interaction, a cause-effect relationship is established between the forest and the watershed, with an important flow of macro and micronutrient fractions from the terrestrial to the aquatic environment [3,4] and vice versa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The supply of these components to the aquatic system comes from the geological unit, its basement and pedological characteristics [2][3], as well as from the direct interference of biogeochemical cycles interrelated to forest biomass. From this interaction, a cause-effect relationship is established between the forest and the watershed, with an important flow of macro and micronutrient fractions from the terrestrial to the aquatic environment [3,4] and vice versa. The configuration of limnological processes, such as the load of total suspended solids, water transparency, gas solubility, concentration of organic carbon components, decomposition rate and volume of ionic elements, is a function of the geological origin and rainfall regime different from the drainage basins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Water Typology in the Amazon: Close Correlation with the Hydrogeochemistry of River Basins

Aprile F.,

Darwich A. J.,

Siqueira G. W.

2023

JALSI

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A study on the typology of Amazonian waters was developed in the North Geographic Region of Brazil, considering a set of historical data from 1995 to 2022. The objective was to discuss and point out which environmental parameters are considered preponderant within the classification criteria of Amazonian waters. Historical data on temperature, density, pH, conductivity, oxygen, transparency, light attenuation, turbidity, color, total and dissolved solids, hardness, alkalinity, CaCO3, BOD, COD, main cations and anions, iron, C, N and P fractions, silicate, trace elements (Al, Cu, Zn and Mn) and chlorophyll a were analyzed. The analysis comprised water samples from the National Hydrometeorological Network (Sub-Basins 10 to 19), with a total of 36 basins, including tributaries, lakes and adjacent streams. The historical series was statistically analyzed through the techniques of Cluster, Principal component analysis (PCA), Piper Diagram and image interpolation by the ordinary kriging method. The results indicated a strong seasonal trend, with an evident distinction between the flood and ebb periods. The typology of white, black and clear waters was also evidenced, this last group being an intermediate class to the others, due to the physical-chemical standards. The PCA highlighted the parameters conductivity, pH, calcium, bicarbonate and Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) (Factor 1), and turbidity and alkalinity (Factor 2) as preponderant in the water classification. The ionic balance demonstrated that the white waters stood out for the highest concentrations of calcium and magnesium. The results suggest a pattern of calcic waters oscillating towards sodic and carbonated waters, with a subgroup in the northern eastern region of seasonally sodic-chlorinated waters, due to the influence of ocean tides. Image interpolation suggested a predominance of white waters in the western southern zone (Western Amazon) and white waters transitioning to clear waters in the eastern zone (Eastern Amazon). The analysis also showed a predominant strip of black and clear waters in the northern zone, and a strip of white waters in the central Amazon.

show abstract