Lambda Cyhalothrin Elicited Dose Response Toxicity on Haematological, Hepatic, Gonadal and Lipid Metabolic Biomarkers in Rat and Possible Modulatory Role of Taurine

Abstract

Extensive application of pesticides is usually accompanied with serious problems of pollution and health hazards. Lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT), a type II synthetic pyrethroid, is widely used in agriculture, home pest control and protection of foodstuff. This study designed to evaluate the dose dependent haematological, hepatic and gonadal toxicity of LCT at different dose levels in Wistar rat. Investigations were also done to find out the toxic effect of lambda cyhalothrin on lipid metabolism in female rat and its amelioration by taurine. Rats were exposed to different doses of lambda cyhalothrin over a period of 14 consecutive days. Exposure to LCT produced ataxia, agitation, rolling and also tremors which were considered as the signs of toxicity. Significant decrease in erythrocyte count, haemoglobin percentage, seminal fructose concentration, hepatic and testicular reduced glutathione (GSH) content was observed. Increase in leukocyte count, serum aspartic and alanine transaminase, hepatic and testicular malondialdehyde (MDA), testicular and ovarian cholesterol after LCT treatment were seen in male rats at the dose level of 10.83 mg/kg body wt. (1/7 th LD 50 ). Elevated ovarian cholesterol and MDA and reduced 3β hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (HSD) and GSH level were also observed in lambda cyhalothrin exposed female rat at the dose level of 6.29 mg/kg body wt.(1/9 th LD 50 ). LCT caused increase in serum triglyceride, cholesterol, low density lipoproteins (LDL), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and bilirubin and decrease in serum high density lipoproteins (HDL) in female rat. Taurine pretreatment ameliorated LCT induced altered lipid metabolic biomarkers in female rat.

Histological, ultrastructural, and biochemical study on the possible role of Panax ginseng in ameliorating liver injury induced by Lambda cyhalotherin

“…In the current study, terminal body weight and relative weight of liver of LCT-intoxicated rats were reduced that run in a good agreement with previous studies [14,[45][46][47][48]. Elhalwagy et al [1] demonstrated that decreasing body weight and organs relative weight is one of the chronic effects of pyrethroids toxicity.…”

“…Increased serum ALT and AST activities reflect LCTinduced hepatotoxicity, causing these enzymes to leak into blood [51,52]. These observations matched with earlier finding of LCT toxicity in rats [1,8,15,47,53,54]. ALT activity reflects general hepatic damage and AST activity indicates mitochondrial damage; elevated levels of ALP in blood are regarded as an indicator of hepatic necrosis and cholestasis [55,56].…”

Impairment of the Reproductive System and Mating of Male and Female Black Rats Treated with Lambda-Cyhalothrin Bait and Its Field Application

“…This reduction may be related to enhanced usage of GSH for detoxification of LCT bait-induced free radicals. Our results are in accordance with those of Ghosh et al (2016) who mentioned that LCT causes depletion in GSH content due to its usage to challenge oxidative stress. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is regarded as the first line of defense against the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cell by catalyzing the dismutation of superoxide radicals to produce H2O2.…”

Ameliorative effects of Panax ginseng on lung of Lambada cyhalotherin-intoxicated rats

“…In our current study, body weight, relative weight of lung of LCT-treated rats were reduced that run in a good agreement with previous studies [44][45][46][47][48][49] . Kohner et al [44] observed that decreasing body weight and organs relative weight is one of the chronic effects of pyrithroids toxicity.…”