Laminar burning velocity measurement of CH4/H2/NH3-air premixed flames at high mixture temperatures

Berwal, Pragya; Shawnam,; Kumar, Sudarshan

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2022.125809

Cited by 34 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Figure a,b shows the deviation in CH 4 /10% NH 3 /H 2 mixtures’ LBV with ϕ for 300 and 750 K. The LBV peak is obtained for ϕ = 1.1 at 300 K and ϕ = 1 at higher temperature as reported in Figure . This change is recorded as higher H radical consumption occurs under higher temperatures by HNO radical to form NO . A decrement of ∼53 and ∼40% is observed for 10% ammonia flames with pressure rise from 0.5 to 0.1 MPa at stoichiometry at 300 and 750 K, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…This change is recorded as higher H radical consumption occurs under higher temperatures by HNO radical to form NO. 40 A decrement of ∼53 and ∼40% is observed for 10% ammonia flames with pressure rise from 0.5 to 0.1 MPa at stoichiometry at 300 and 750 K, respectively. The CH 4 −air LBV data at 300 K have been compared with literature data at 0.1 and 0.5 MPa in Figure 8a.…”

Section: Codependency Of Temperature and Pressure Exponentsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The relevant information regarding the diverging channel is mentioned in our previous studies. 40,42 The uniform temperature distribution is obtained along the channel's axial length resonating the Hele-Shaw flow. 43,44 The divergence of 10 0 was maintained to reduce the modes of partially unstable flames with optimum oscillation frequency.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quartz is utilized in fabricating the diverging channel as it accustoms thermo-physical characteristics like low thermal conductivity, wall transparency, and high specific heat capacity for an extensive temperature domain. The relevant information regarding the diverging channel is mentioned in our previous studies. , The uniform temperature distribution is obtained along the channel’s axial length resonating the Hele-Shaw flow. , The divergence of 10 0 was maintained to reduce the modes of partially unstable flames with optimum oscillation frequency . This divergence creates a negative velocity gradient, and an increasing wall-temperature gradient is generated by the external heater accompanying fluid flow.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laminar Burning Velocity Measurement of CH₄/NH₃/H₂–Air Premixed Flames under Engine Relevant Conditions

Berwal,

Kumar

2023

Energy Fuels

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Accessibility of affordable clean energy is important for accomplishing economic development and advancement alongside progress in environmental change. In this pursuit, the present study proposes an alternate ternary fuel blend with better fundamental combustion characteristics than natural gas/methane. This work focuses on the laminar burning velocity measurement of a CH4/10% NH3/H2 ternary blend under elevated pressure and temperature conditions using the externally heated diverging channel technique. The NH3 volume fraction is maintained at 10% by volume in a H2:CH4 (1:4) fuel blend and is comparable to a CH4 + air mixture in terms of mixture burning velocity and flame temperature with ∼25% lower carbon emissions. The experimental measurements are obtained for elevated temperatures (300–750 K), pressures (0.1–0.5 MPa), and ϕ = 0.7–1.4 equivalence ratio range. The measured mixture burning velocities of CH4/NH3/H2 mixtures are nearly similar to CH4 + air mixtures at elevated pressures. The pressure and temperature exponents are derived to establish their codependency. Therefore, a revised power-law correlation is proposed for burning velocity variation at high pressures and temperatures. Predictions of Li and Okafor kinetic models coincide well with the present experimental measurements up to 0.5 MPa, whereas Shrestha and improved GRI 3.0 mechanisms overpredict the velocity values. The reduction in HCO to H conversion reduces the burning velocity with pressure increment. The present work competently compares the combustion characteristics of CH4/NH3/H2–air mixtures with CH4 fuel and establishes the proposed ternary blend as a viable solution to attain sustainability goals with reduced carbon emissions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Codependency Of Temperature and Pressure Exponentsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laminar Burning Velocity Measurement of CH₄/NH₃/H₂–Air Premixed Flames under Engine Relevant Conditions

Berwal,

Kumar

2023

Energy Fuels

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“…The results show that the broadest range of the stable equivalence ratio of X NH3 = .8 fuel is .7 at 5 bar. The variation of the stability limit with pressure is attributed to the increase in the Reynolds number; Berwal et al (2023) measured the laminar combustion velocity of different CH 4 / H 2 /NH 3 mixture concentrations at a higher mixture temperature (300-750 K) and atmospheric pressure. In a 4:1 ratio of CH 4 :H 2 fuel mixture, the volume fraction of ammonia varies from 0% to 30%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Premixed combustion and emission characteristics of methane diluted with ammonia under F-class gas turbine relevant operating condition

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2023

Front. Energy Res.

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Ammonia has been used on a small scale in other industrial equipment, such as gas turbines, as a carbon-free fuel. However, ammonia fuel suffers disadvantages such as high ignition temperature, low flame velocity and high NOx emissions. Doping with ammonia using a more reactive fuel, such as methane, can solve the above problems. Therefore, under the relevant operating conditions of the gas turbine (T = 723 K, p = 16.5 atm), the effect of ammonia content on the combustion and emission characteristics of laminar premixed methane flames was numerically investigated. This research uses the PREMIX code from ANSYS CHEMKIN-PRO 2020 and Okafor chemical kinetic mechanisms and provides a reference for our subsequent analysis of gas turbine operating conditions. Firstly, the emission data of major pollutants under different ammonia content (XNH3 = 0–1.0) and equivalent ratio (Φ = .6–1.4) were calculated. Then, the laminar premixed flame structure is analyzed under the lean fuel conditions associated with gas turbines (Φ = .6, .8). Finally, the effect of ammonia addition on the chemical reaction path of NO and CO emission was studied. The results show that ammonia/methane mixture fuel is more suitable for combustion at .6 < Φ < .8 under high temperature and pressure. High ammonia content (XNH3 > .6) and low equivalent ratio can reduce NO and CO emissions. The molar fractions of H, O, and OH radicals and flame temperature decreased with the increase in ammonia content. In addition, high temperature and high pressure conditions and ammonia content greatly influence the reaction path of NO and CO production. The increase in pressure resulted in a change in the primary reaction that produced NO. In conclusion, this study guides reducing the emission of NO and CO from lean side of gas turbine plants.

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Effect of Various Fuel Blends on the Laminar Burning Velocity of Ammonia–Air Mixtures

Berwal,

Kumar

2024

Energy, Environment, and Sustainability

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Laminar burning velocity measurement of CH4/H2/NH3-air premixed flames at high mixture temperatures

Cited by 34 publications

References 58 publications

Laminar Burning Velocity Measurement of CH₄/NH₃/H₂–Air Premixed Flames under Engine Relevant Conditions

Laminar Burning Velocity Measurement of CH₄/NH₃/H₂–Air Premixed Flames under Engine Relevant Conditions

Premixed combustion and emission characteristics of methane diluted with ammonia under F-class gas turbine relevant operating condition

Effect of Various Fuel Blends on the Laminar Burning Velocity of Ammonia–Air Mixtures

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Laminar burning velocity measurement of CH4/H2/NH3-air premixed flames at high mixture temperatures

Cited by 34 publications

References 58 publications

Laminar Burning Velocity Measurement of CH4/NH3/H2–Air Premixed Flames under Engine Relevant Conditions

Laminar Burning Velocity Measurement of CH4/NH3/H2–Air Premixed Flames under Engine Relevant Conditions

Premixed combustion and emission characteristics of methane diluted with ammonia under F-class gas turbine relevant operating condition

Effect of Various Fuel Blends on the Laminar Burning Velocity of Ammonia–Air Mixtures

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Laminar Burning Velocity Measurement of CH₄/NH₃/H₂–Air Premixed Flames under Engine Relevant Conditions

Laminar Burning Velocity Measurement of CH₄/NH₃/H₂–Air Premixed Flames under Engine Relevant Conditions