Laminar forced convection flow over a backward facing step using nanofluids

Experimental study of nanofluid flow and heat transfer over microscale backward- and forward-facing steps

“…These nanoparticles can be for instance Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , Cu, CuO, ZnO and TiO 2 [18]. Many researchers have investigated the effects of nanofluids in the enhancement of heat transfer and the fluid flow [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31].…”

“…Their findings revealed that the SiO 2 recorded the highest Nusselt number in the downstream primary recirculation region, while the diamond nanofluid recorded the highest Nusselt number in the primary recirculation region itself. Alaswadi et al [30] implemented a numerical investigation on the laminar forced convection flow over a BFS in a duct using different nanofluids. They reported that the recirculation size and reattachment length showed an increase with increases the Reynolds number.…”

The effect of nanofluids flow on mixed convection heat transfer over microscale backward-facing step

“…It was found that the high Nusselt number inside the recirculation zone depends mainly on the thermophysical properties of the nanoparticles and is independent of Reynolds number. Al-aswadi et al [44] studied numerically the laminar forced convection flow over a backward-facing step in a duct using different nanofluids. Various types of nanoparticles were used such as Au, Ag, Al 2 O 3 , Cu, CuO, diamond, SiO 2 and TiO 2 with 5% volume fraction of nanoparticles dispersed in a base fluid (water).…”

Enhancement of Forced Convection Heat Transfer for SiO2 flow through Channel with Ribs at Constant Heat Flux

“…Governing equations under previous conditions of "Continuity equation, Navier-Stokes equations and Energy equation" are as [6]:…”