Laminated Object Manufacturing of Ceramic‐Based Materials

Abstract

Since their inception, additive manufacturing (AM) techniques have been the go‐to methods for obtaining highly complex‐shaped rapid prototypes (RPs) and specialized parts, which were produced in small lot sizes. The AM technique of laminated object manufacturing (LOM) is an immensely convenient and cost‐effective method for quickly producing millimeter‐sized to meter‐sized parts, while incorporating micrometer‐sized constructive features. LOM machines offer an open work space, within which nontoxic and highly filled sheet materials can be processed at a high production velocity. The unique property profile of ceramic‐based materials from LOM may be indispensable for applications calling for materials that unite high temperature resistance, mechanical strength, and light weight. Optionally, local material functionalization may engender the electrical conductivity, chemical stability, ferroelectricity, radiation shielding, or filter membrane stability of a limited portion of the material. Herein, a detailed evaluation of the applicability of LOM in the near net shaping ceramic‐based materials is presented. Optional technical adjustments for the LOM process and extensions of the LOM machine configuration can improve the economic feasibility its operation. Previously successful LOM‐printed ceramic‐based materials are showcased within a comprehensive overview on the state of the art and potential novel composite materials are presented.

3D/4D Printing of Polymers: Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), and Stereolithography (SLA)

“…The liquid-based methods mostly include material jetting (MJ) and vat-based printing such as stereolithography (SLA) and digital light processing (DLP). We refer to these excellent review articles to get a comprehensive insight into the above-mentioned AM techniques, LOM [ 44 , 45 , 46 ], FDM [ 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ], WAAM [ 53 , 54 ], EBF3 [ 55 ], SLS [ 56 , 57 ], EBM [ 58 , 59 ], SLM [ 39 , 59 , 60 ], LMD [ 61 , 62 ], SLA [ 63 , 64 , 65 ], DLP [ 66 , 67 , 68 ], and MJ [ 69 , 70 , 71 ].…”

“…The liquid-based methods mostly include material jetting (MJ) and vat-based printing such as stereolithography (SLA) and digital light processing (DLP). We refer to these excellent review articles to get a comprehensive insight into the above-mentioned AM techniques, LOM [44][45][46], FDM [47][48][49][50][51][52], WAAM [53,54], EBF3 [55], SLS [56,57], EBM [58,59], SLM [39,59,60], LMD [61,62], SLA [63][64][65], DLP [66][67][68], and MJ [69][70][71]. A polymer is a substance or material consisting of very large molecules, or macromolecules, composed of many repeating subunits [73].…”

3D Printing Technologies in Metallic Implants: A Thematic Review on the Techniques and Procedures

“…This type of method fabricates a 3D object that involves a layer-by-layer lamination of a sheet material such as metal, plastic, and paper. Initially, the sheet material which is coated with an adhesive substance is located on the stage; subsequently, the sheet is traced using a beam of laser or a razor, and its cross-section is cut based on the 3D CAD model[ 54 , 55 ]. Second, the excess material that is not needed anymore is removed by the laser.…”

Applications of additive manufacturing (AM) in sustainable energy generation and battle against COVID-19 pandemic: The knowledge evolution of 3D printing

“…The liquid exposed to ultraviolet rays is cured slowly [ 60 ]. In LOM, thin aluminum foils or planar filaments are cut by lasers or blades and joined together to make the product [ 61 ]. In Vat photopolymerization, the process of photopolymerization is employed to develop the patterns, models, or prototypes.…”