Laminin Immunostaining in Biopsies as a Useful Biomarker of Early Invasion in Actinic Cheilitis and Differential Diagnosis Between Actinic Cheilitis and Lip Cancer: New Insights

Abstract

Background Squamous cell carcinoma of the lip (LSCC) and oral cavity can be life-threatening if not diagnosed early. Precancerous lesions like actinic cheilitis (AC), can transform into LSCC. Laminin is a fundamental component for basement membrane (BM) and its integrity may prevent neoplastic invasion. Therefore, laminin immunostaining of BM may be useful in identifying early invasion in actinic cheilitis and thus in the differential diagnosis between AC and invasive LSCC or high-grade epithelial dysplasia (ED). Materials and methods Biopsies from 46 patients with oral lesions were histologically analyzed and immunohistochemically stained for laminin-1. Results AC was diagnosed in 34 patients and LSCC in 12 patients, including 3 patients with AC and concomitant high-grade ED/in situ carcinoma. Laminin-1 immunostaining revealed intense and linear expression of the BM in AC with low-grade ED. Loss of laminin expression was observed in LSCC. Intracellular laminin expression in parabasal cells was noted in AC with high-grade ED/in situ carcinoma. Conclusion Laminin immunostaining could be useful in identifying AC cases suspected of early invasion. It could also contribute to the histopathological differential diagnosis between AC with low- and high-grade ED and between AC and invasive LSCC. The findings of this study provide new insights into the mechanism involved in the progression process of AC into LSCC, encouraging preclinical studies that may document the stochastic role of laminin in this process.

Human papillomavirus expression in relation to biological behavior, Ki-67 proliferative marker, and P53 prognostic marker in Schneiderian papilloma

“…However, a significantly moderate positive correlation was observed between p53 and Ki-67 (Figure 4). HPV was detected in 26 (74.3%) patients, indicating the presence of one or two HPV genotypes (6,11,16,18). Additionally, 9 patients (25.7%) tested negative for HPV.…”

“…Other studies have reported different rates of HPV infections in SNIP with and without dysplasia but without identifying any statistically significant relationship. Some studies were unable to detect HPV DNA in dysplasia and carcinoma associated with IP specimens, while others have shown varying HPV detection rates and contradictory results regarding the role of HPV infections in malignant and recurrent transformation [ 14 - 16 ]. Overall, the inconsistency in the results of previous studies may be attributed to factors such as DNA degradation in paraffin-embedded tissues, leading to false negative results, as well as geographical and racial differences.…”

Potential Immunohistochemical Biomarkers for Grading Oral Dysplasia: A Literature Review

“…Laminin-1 is in the Reichert membrane (extraembryonic basement membrane) [ 147 ]. A study by Vageli et al [ 148 ] assessed laminin immunostaining in biopsies as a useful biomarker of actinic cheilitis and differential diagnosis between actinic cheilitis and lip cancer. This marker can differentiate between low- and high-grade dysplasia.…”