LAMP GENE- Structure, Function and Involvement in Cancer

Abstract

The LAMP1 gene in humans produces the lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1), also known as lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 and CD107a (Cluster of Differentiation 107a). The human LAMP1 gene is found in region 3, band 4 of chromosome 13's long arm (q). These glycoproteins, which are typically found across lysosomal membranes, have a long, heavily glycosylated end on the luminal side of the membrane with N-linked carbon chains and a short, cytoplasm-expose C-terminal tail. A structure resembling a hinge exists in the extracytoplasmic region, and it is capable of forming disulphide bridges that are similar to those found in human immunoglobulin A Cancer cells frequently express LAMP1 and LAMP2 on their cell surfaces, especially tumours with a high propensity to metastasize, such melanoma and colon cancer, which has been found to be correlated with the propensity to metastasize. Danon disease, which is brought on by a change (mutation) in the LAMP2 gene. Currently, case reports and databases have identified approximately 160 distinct LAMP2 gene variants that have the potential to cause Danon disease. The prognosis has been shown to be most adversely affected by mutations that result in the total lack of the LAMP2 protein.