“…It is sometimes called the fur-bear merger or the her-hair merger and is typically associated with accents in Merseyside (Knowles, 1973;Wells, 1982:361;West, 2015;Watson & Clark, 2013) and in various locations in Greater Manchester and Lancashire such as Bolton and Blackburn (Turton, 2015). Although we cannot consider the phonetic quality of the merged vowel with our survey methods, it is commonly noted that present-day Liverpool speakers merge to a fronter-like [εː] pronunciation, whereas Lancashire has a more NURSE-like [ɜː] or [ɵː] vowel (Barras, 2006(Barras, , 2015Knowles, 1978:84;Shorrocks, 1999:205;West, 2015). It is likely that this difference is connected to rhoticity: the Lancashire areas have rhoticity or residual rhoticity, which may have a centralizing effect on the choice of vowel.…”