Land And Water Management Option of Tidal Lowland Reclamation Area to Support Rice Production (A Case Study in Delta Sugihan Kanan of South Sumatra Indonesia)

Abstract

<p>The main problem for agriculture at tidal lowland swamp is low soil quality and high acidity of soil and high water. The research objective was to investigate how far the effort in increasing tertiary canal network to improve water quality (increasing pH and reducinf iron) in channel and tertiary plot. Field study was conducted at Bandarjaya Village of Jalur 25, Delta Sugihan Kanan, South Sumatra. Field activities were consisted of network investigation land use and farm enterprise system which located at Primr 13 of Sugihan Kiri and Primer 25 of Sugihan Kanan. The network improvement perfomance was conducted by constructing micro water management (installed the tertiary gate and developen quartey canal) at tertiary plot which consisted of collector channel, sub tertiary channel and control plot which was outfall at quarterly channel downstream end. Water gate having goose neck pipe system was constructed to control water table in tertiary channel. Results of field study showed that land use at the study area was still dominated by rice crop with magnitude of 83% and the rest of 17% was used for rubber plantation, orange planation and mix plantation. The depth of phyrite layer was in the range of 60 to 100 cm below soil surface. Water table surface in October was in the range of 10 to 35 cm. Field adaptation showed that water gate was operated in closed condition (water retention) during vegetative phase. Water retention showed significant to improve rice yield in which water table since November had increased from -10 cm to flooding condition of 15 cm in January. This condition provide sufficient water for rice crop which was similar as the result found at irrigation area. The addition of ameliorant substances such as coconut fiber, and sand semen block at outfall of tertiary and kuartely channels also increase water quality in which water pH was increased from 2.95 to 3.7 and iron concentration was decreased from 4.01 to 0.32 mg/liter. Rice yield was increased from average production of 2 ton/ha to 3 ton/ha. This low production was due to land flushing process which need longer time process for at least 2 to 3 years from current condition as well as other production inputs such as fertilization and ameliorant substances.</p>

Identification of quality of irrigation water Danda Besar Swamp Irrigation Area in Barito Kuala District, South Kalimantan, Indonesia

“…The study by Imanudin et al [12] result that to overcome water quality problem in a tidal swamp land where acidity is considerably high, can be solved by applying passive technology through improvement of biological process at the canal bed and the water surface. To increase water pH and decreasing Fe, ameliorant substances used such as phytoremediation by planting water hyacinth on surface of water, conblock construction at the canal base using mixture of sand-cement-lime-rice-straw ash with volume ratio of (2:2:1:3) showed significant effect in increasing pH of water.…”

A preliminary groundwater investigation using geoelectrical resistivity survey in the Bengkalis Island, Indonesia

“…In addition to seawater intrusion into groundwater aquifers, a problem that often arises in coastal areas, especially on the eastern part of Sumatra island, is the presence of peat in the coastal lowlands [8,9,10]. This peat extends widely covering almost all parts of the basin in the eastern part of Sumatra [8,11]. The presence of peat in coastal areas will have a more complex impact on groundwater sources [12].…”

Hydraulic Study on The Use of Gates to Improve Drainage Performance of Dadahup Lowland Irrigation Area

“…Agricultural problems in lowland areas were due to water insufficiency to meet crop water requirements [7]. Channel conditions are often poorly maintained.…”