Land-surface subsidence and its relation to the withdrawal of ground water in the Houston-Galveston region, Texas

Water-level altitudes 2017 and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper Aquifers and compaction 1973–2016 in the Chicot and Evangeline Aquifers, Houston-Galveston region, Texas

“…1) (Pratt and Johnson, 1926). Although subsidence was first identified in the Houston-Galveston region as a result of hydrocarbon extraction at this particular oil field, most of the subsidence in the Houston-Galveston region is a direct result of groundwater withdrawals that have depressured and dewatered the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, thereby causing compaction of the aquifer sediments (Winslow and Doyel, 1954;Winslow and Wood, 1959;Gabrysch and Bonnet, 1975;Gabrysch, 1984;Holzer and Bluntzer, 1984;Kasmarek, Gabrysch, and Johnson, 2010).…”

“…The cumulative compaction data from a network of 13 borehole extensometers (hereinafter referred to as "extensometers") in the Houston-Galveston region have been presented in USGS reports of annual water-level altitudes and water-level changes since 1981 (cumulative compaction during 1973-81; Gabrysch and Ranzau, 1981). Earlier USGS reports documented the occurrence of subsidence in the study area determined by the reoccupation and releveling of a network of benchmarks by using spirit-leveling techniques during the periods 1906-51 (Winslow and Doyel, 1954), 1906-78, 1943-78, and 1973-78 (Gabrysch, 1984. Most recently, Kasmarek and others (2016) fig.…”

Water-level altitudes 2011 and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers and compaction 1973-2010 in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, Houston-Galveston region, Texas

“…Land-surface subsidence caused by fluid withdrawals was first documented in the Houston area in conjunction with the Goose Creek oil field in southeastern Harris County (Pratt and Johnson, 1926). Most of the subsidence in the Houston-Galveston region has occurred as a direct result of groundwater withdrawals for municipal supply, industrial use, and irrigation that depressured and dewatered the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, thereby causing compaction of the clay layers of the aquifer sediments (Winslow and Doyle, 1954;Winslow and Wood, 1959;Gabrysch and Bonnet, 1975;Gabrysch, 1984;Holzer and Bluntzer 1984;Kasmarek, Johnson, and Ramage, 2010).…”

Land-surface subsidence in the area of Burnett, Scott, and Crystal Bays near Baytown, Texas

“…SUBSIDENCE AT BURNETT, SCOTT, AND CRYSTAL BAYS Winslow and Doyel (1954) were probably the first to assemble data on subsidence in' the Houston-Galveston region. Winslow and Wood (1959) added to the earlier findings when data became available.…”