Land system governance shapes tick-related public and animal health risks

Abstract

Land cover and land use have established effects on hazard and exposure to vector-borne diseases. While our understanding of the proximate and distant causes and consequences of land use decisions has evolved, the focus on the proximate effects of landscape on disease ecology remains dominant. We argue that land use governance, viewed through a land system lens, affects tick-borne disease risk. Governance affects land use trajectories and potentially shapes landscapes favourable to ticks or increases contact with ticks by structuring human-land interactions. We illustrate the role of land use legacies, trade-offs in land-use decisions, and social inequities in access to land resources, information and decision-making, with three cases: Kyasanur Forest disease in India, Lyme disease in the Outer Hebrides (Scotland), and tick acaricide resistance in cattle in Ecuador. Land use governance is key to managing the risk of tick-borne diseases, by affecting the hazard and exposure. We propose that land use governance should consider unintended consequences on infectious disease risk.

Prevalence of tick-borne bacterial pathogens in Germany—has the situation changed after a decade?

“…Rising temperatures (climate change), land management, and acaricide resistance are possible drivers of the spread of ticks into new territories or increased tick populations ( Nuttall, 2022 ; Vanwambeke et al., 2024 ). These ticks may carry new pathogens and represent a financial burden to the public health system and veterinary public health system.…”